年龄不实之保险合同的法律规制——以《保险法》第32条第2、3款为中心

Legal Regulation on Insurance Contract of Misstatement of Age——Focusing on Paragraph 2 and 3 of Article 32 of Insurance Law

在年龄不实导致投保人短交保险费的情况下,中国《保险法》规定,保险人享有要求投保人补交保费或比例赔付的选择权,而真正享有选择权的主体应当是投保人。保险法的规定导致保险人在保险事故已经发生的情况下更愿选择比例赔付,这对投保人有失公允,应当例外规定,若保险人对年龄不实存有过失,则投保人可以选择补交保费。在年龄不实导致投保人溢交保费的情况下,中国《保险法》仅规定了退还保险费一种处理方式,这一规定堵塞了双方当事人协商按照比例增加保险金的途径,应当赋予保险人退还保险费或按照比例增加保险金额的选择权。保险人选择退还溢交之保险费时,应一并退还溢交保险费之利息。保险人故意导致溢交保费的,应当按照比例增加保险金额。

For the less paying the premium resulting from misstatement of age,Insurance law provides that the insurer could ask the policy-holder to pay supplementary premium or pay insurance benefit in proportion. In fact,it’s the policy-holder who has the right of this choice. The regulation of Insurance Law leads to the insurer’s more willing to choose the proportion pay in the case of insurance accident already happened,which is unfair for the policy-holder. Insurance Law should provide that the policy-holder may pay supplementary premium if the insurer is at fault of less paying the insurance premium. As to the overpaying the premium resulting from misstatement of age,Insurance Law provides that the insurer should return the insurance premium. It excludes the possibility of adding insurance benefit in proportion through the negotiation between insurer and policy-holder. Insurance Law should give insurer the right to choose between returning the insurance premium and adding insurance benefit in proportion. If the insurer chooses to return insurance premium,it should return the interest of overpaying insurance premium. If the insurer intentionally causes more paying insurance premium,it should add the insurance benefit in proportion.