中国老年人收入贫困状况及其影响因素研究——基于2014年中国老年社会追踪调查

Income Poverty of Chinese Elderly and Influencing Factors——Based on 2014 CLASS

2014年中国老年社会追踪调查研究发现,老年人收入贫困的发生率较高,贫困人口规模巨大,贫困状况令人担忧。全国低于国内低保线的老年人口为5576万,相对贫困老年人口为7698万-8959万。并且,中国老年人贫困发生率呈现"三高三低"的结构特点,即农村高于城镇、女性高于男性、高龄高于低龄。贫困发生率随着老年人自身教育水平的提升而降低。此外,独居老年人和农村空巢老年人更是收入贫困的高发群体,需在政策上给予重点扶持并综合治理。

Based on the Longitudinal Social Survey on Aging in China in 2014,it is found that the elderly tend to have a high incidence of income poverty,the poverty population scale is huge and the poverty situation is alarming. There are 55. 76 million old people whose income is lower than the domestic poverty line.The elderly population in relative poor is between 76. 98 million to 89. 59 million. Meanwhile,Chinese older adults in poverty incidence present structural characteristics of ＂three high and three low＂,namely the elderly is higher in rural areas than in urban areas,higher for women than for men,and higher among older elderly than among younger elderly. But the poverty incidence may reduce among the elderly with higher education. In addition,old people who live alone and in rural ＂empty-nesters＂are most likely to fall into poverty,and need priority support from policy and comprehensive treatment.