《史记》评点与明清文章学观念建构

Comments on Historical Records and the Construction of the Concept of the Articles in Ming and Qing Dynasties

《史记》评点全面介入到明清文章学观念建构的历史过程之中并对之具有决定性的影响。明清时代的《史记》评点确立了《史记》的文章原典地位,使《史记》不仅成为古今文章渊薮,而且成为文章法度的准绳和标尺。方苞等人对《史记》义例的阐释使之转换为文章通则,但也隐含着文章世俗化的可能。章学诚以六经皆史的命题抵抗文章天下的观念,抵抗与之相伴随的越来越沉溺于文牍主义陷阱的政治实践,对文道关系这一明清文章学观念作出全新的阐释。

The Comments on Historical Records were fully involved in the construction of the concept of article science in Ming and Qing Dynasties,and had a decisive impact. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the comments established the classical status of Historical Records,made it not only become the birthplace of all articles,but also become the principle and scale of the article.Fang Bao explained narrative rules of Historical Records,and make the general rules of the article,but also make the article become secular. Zhang Xue-cheng put forward the proposition of＂six classics are all history＂,and resisted the notion that the world was equivalent to narration against the political practice to red-tapism trap,and made a new interpretation of the relationship between literature and morality.