论明以来叙事文学中的武举形象

The Image of Wu Ju in the Narrative Literary Works from the Ming Dynasty

文章选择小说、戏曲、宝卷、弹词、鼓书等叙事文学作品,分析其中的武举形象,发现武举多是作为背景人物静态出现,很少作为文学作品主人公,武举人物面目模糊不清,有文士化甚至女性化倾向。武举的出现使才子佳人武勇化,增加了侠义文学和武侠作品的情节,使这种类型互相借鉴、融合,丰富了文学叙事的类型。无论是纯属虚构还是对历史人物、历史事件的改写,文学作品还是透露出一种真实的历史、社会观念,即在文治社会下"重文轻武"的意识根深蒂固,文学描写的诸多事实或观念都可以在历史文献或现实社会中得到印证,所以它们是另一种"真实"。

Based on the analysis of novel, drama, baojuan, tanci, and gushu narrative literature, this paper conducted some analysis of Wu Ju description, finding that Wu Ju functions more as background characters than heroes in literary works. Its image is not clear cut, being either somewhat learned or female. The emergence of Wu Ju increased the chivalrous literature and the plot of martial art works, making this type characters draw lessons from each other. As a result they enriched the literary narrative type. Either fabricated or rewritten in historical events, the literary works revealed a real concept of history and the society namely Apriority of the learned over the martial practitioners”. That is, although fictions are literary works, they revealed some realities.