斯密与道德事实

New Perspective on Smith and the Facts of Moral Virtues

在道德形而上学和美德认识论的基础上,斯密和休谟认为,道德评价的最佳视角是旁观者的视角。为了解释道德真理,我们需要采用评价者视角来解释美德判断,在判断过程中把道德优点和认知优点或理智优点分离开来。但为了进行有效道德评价或提供道德规范,道德构建主义的评价视角更为广泛,其所主张的深思熟虑者的视角优于评价者的视角。

Based on moral metaphysics and epistemology of virtue,both Smith and Hume hold that moral evaluative perspective is best captured by that of the spectator,not of the deliberator. After evaluating these two perspectives,the paper holds that within the strategy for accounting for moral truth,we need to adopt the evaluator's perspective to account for judgments of virtue in which,for example,moral excellences split from epistemic or intellectual excellences. However,when we are making moral evaluation or exploring moral normativity,moral constructivism has a more extensive perspective. It proposes that the perspective of deliberator is much better than spectator perspective.