设施番茄绿色增产潜力及技术体系建设

Yield-increasing Potential of Tomato and Integrated Soil-fertilizer-water Managements Under Greenhouse System

我国设施番茄平均单产为92t·hm^(-2),与发达国家差距较大。土壤退化、水肥资源损失严重等因素限制了我国设施番茄的高产高效发展。实现番茄绿色增产,一方面需选育高产多抗品种,提高增产潜力;另一方面要保持土壤健康,做到水肥耦合、良种与良法配套、栽培模式与水肥管理相适应,这也是至关重要的。为此,中国农业大学联合青岛农业大学先后提出了设施番茄氮素根层调控技术、水分实时监测调控技术、水氮根层调控技术、水氮定额管理技术、起垄滴灌施肥技术和设施番茄退化土壤修复技术等。通过十几年的技术研究得出,设施番茄起垄栽培滴灌施肥技术是保障设施番茄绿色增产的关键技术,可以使番茄产量显著增加15%,施肥量和灌水量分别降低20%和30%以上,并且有利于保持土壤健康。

The average yield of tomato under plastic greenhouse production system in China is 92 t·hm^(-2) per season,which is much lower than that in the developed countries.Soil degradation,improper irrigation and fertilizer management decreased the yield of tomato and use efficiency of water and fertilizers.Besides the breeding and integrated irrigation and fertilizer management,sustainable soil management and optimal cultivation mode are also the keys to increase the yield and resource use efficiency.Therefore,a series of technologies about the managements of soil,irrigation and fertilizers,such as integrated root zone management technology,water real-time monitoring technology,drop irrigation with ridging cultivation technology,and remediation techniques for soil,were built by China Agricultural University and Qingdao Agricultural University.Decades of research has shown the drop irrigation with ridging cultivation technology increased tomato yield by 15% and cut the irrigation and fertilizer amount by more than 20% and 30%,respectively.Thus the drop irrigation with ridging cultivation technology would play an important role in developing high-yield,high-efficiency,eco-friendly,and safe agriculture in the future.