终末期肾脏病患者自我感受负担及其影响因素的调查分析

Self-Perceived Burden and Its Influencing Factors in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease

目的调查终末期肾脏病患者的自我感受负担（self-perceived burden,SPB）及其影响因素。方法对296例终末期肾脏病患者采用自编基本情况调查表和自我感受负担量表进行问卷调查,对SPB的影响因素采用多元线性回归分析。结果 296例患者的SPB得分为（29.75±5.41）分。296例患者的年龄〈40岁、居住地为城市或县区、职业状况为在职、医疗费用支付方式为自费、家庭人均月收入为〈1000元SPB得分与40-60岁、〉60岁,农村或乡镇,无业、离退休,城镇居民医保、城镇职工医保、其他,1000-〈2000元、2000-3000元、〉3000元比较差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）;并发症为有、透析频次为1次·周-1、照护者健康状况为差、照护者每日照顾时间为≤2hSPB得分与无,2-3次·周-1、4-5次·周-1,一般、良好,3-4h、≥5h比较差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。患者的医疗费用支付方式、并发症均是SPB的影响因素。结论终末期肾病患者SPB处于中度水平,护理人员可通过采取相应措施来减轻其SPB。

Objective To investigate the self-perceived burden（SPB）and its influencing factors in patients with end-stage renal disease.Methods Totally 296 patients with end-stage renal disease were investigated by a self-designed demographic questionnaire and a Self-Perceived Burden Scale.The multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing SPB.ResultsThe mean score of SPB was 29.75±5.41 in the 296 patients.SPB scores in patients〈40years of age,patients living in city or county,in-service patients,self-paying patients,and patients with family monthly income 〈1000yuan were,respectively,different from those in patients 40-60or〉60years of age,patients living in countryside or township,unemployed or retired patients,urban residents or employees with medical insurance,and patients with family monthly income1000-2000,2000-3000or〉3000yuan（P〈0.05）.In addition,SPB scores in patients with complications,patients receiving dialysis once per week,patients whose caregivers had poor health status,and patients whose caregivers taken≤2hours for daily care were,respectively,different from those in patients without complications,patients receiving dialysis 2-3or 4-5times per week,patients whose caregivers had general or good health status,and patients whose caregivers taken 3-4or≥5hours for daily care（P〈0.05）.The payment mode of medical costs and complications were the main factors influencing SPB.Conclusion Patients with end-stage renal disease have moderate level of SPB.Nurses can take corresponding measures to reduce SPB of patients.