沸石氮肥管理对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响

Effects of Nitrogen and Zeolite Managements on Rice Grain Yield and Grain Quality

为了探求沸石在水稻生产中的价值,于2015年在辽宁省东港市灌溉新技术试验站设置大田试验,研究不同沸石和氮肥量对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响。采用裂区试验设计的方法,以氮肥(N)为主区,设置4水平,分别为N_1(0kg·hm^(-2))、N_2(52.5kg·hm^(-2))、N_3(105kg·hm^(-2))、N_4(157.5kg·hm^(-2));斜发沸石(Z)为子区,设置3水平,分别为Z_0(0t·hm^(-2))、Z_(40)(10t·hm^(-2)粒径40目)、Z_(80)(10t·hm^(-2)粒径80目)。结果表明:在N_3和当地施氮水平N_4下,沸石能显著提高水稻产量,N_3Z_(40)较N_3Z_0提高水稻产量10.5%;N_4Z_(40)较N_4Z_0提高水稻产量14.5%,N_1、N_2时沸石对水稻产量影响不显著,沸石粒径对水稻产量无显著影响。施氮量在52.5~157.5kg·hm^(-2)内,Z_(40)较Z_0平均增加氮肥农艺利用率29.47%,Z_(80)较Z_0平均增加氮肥农艺率22.9%。施用氮肥能够显著降低稻米垩白粒率和垩白度,施入沸石同样能显著降低稻米垩白粒率,说明氮肥和沸石都能改善稻米外观品质,沸石粒径对稻米外观品质的影响不显著。稻米蒸煮品质指标中崩解值随着施氮量的增加而显著降低。沸石对崩解值影响显著,不同粒径对稻米崩解值的降低程度为:Z_(40)>Z_(80)。稻米产量与垩白度和垩白粒率等外观品质存在显著低度负相关关系,产量与最高粘度和崩解值等蒸煮食味品质存在极显著中度负相关关系。

In order to evaluate the potential of zeolite application in paddy field system, a split-plot experiment was carried out to determine the effects of nitrogen and zeolite managements on rice grain yield and grain quality in Donggang new technique irrigation experimental station in Liaoning in 2015. Nitrogen（N） application rates were the main plot, were N1 （0kgN·hm-2）、 N2 （52.5kgN·hm-2）、 N3（105kgN·hm-2）、 N4（157.5kgN·hm-2）, respectively. Zeolite（Z）, the split plot, was set at 3 rates, Zq （0 t·hm-2）、 Z 40 （10 t·hm-2 particle size 40 mesh）、 Z80 （10t·hm-2 particle size 80 mesh）, respectively. Results showed that the treatments N3Z 40 and N4Z40 significantly increased grain yield. As compared to the N3Z0 treatment, N3Z40 increased rice grain yield by 10.5% while treatment N4Z40 increased rice grain yield by 14.5% compared to treatment N4Z0. However, Zeolite had no significant effect on rice grain yield at low N level. Z applications had significant effect on rice grain yield, but particle size of Z had no significant effect on rice grain yield. Z 40 increased the nitrogen agronomic efficiency by an average of 29.47% at a certain nitrogen application rate （52.5-157.5kgN＊hm-2）; while Z8〇 only increased the nitrogen agronomic efficiency by an average of 22.9%. Nitrogen significantly decreased the chalk degree and chalky rice percentage. Zeolite significantly decreased the chalky rice percentage. In a word, N and Z significantly improved rice grain appearance quality. The particle size of Zeolite had no significant effect on rice grain appearance quality. The breakdown value of rice grain cooking quality decreased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application. Breakdown value decreased with the application of Zeolite with different particles decreased the breakdown value in an order, Z 40 〉Z80 . The chalk degree and chalky rice percentage had lowly negative correlation with yield, the max viscosity and breakdown value are moderate negatively to yield.