中国古代捶丸发展与演变的考古学观察——兼及古代体育史有关研究方法的思考

Archaeological observation of the development and evolution of ancient Chinese Chuiwan——Also a thought about research methods in relation to ancient sports history

从近年发现的考古文物资料出发,结合既往学者对历史文献记载的探讨,对中国古代捶丸的发展与演变进行考古学分析。研究认为,由步打球、棒击球发展而来的捶丸活动,迟至宋代已在社会得到广泛开展;延至明朝中期,捶丸从宫廷至平民百姓都有着不同程度的普及和传承;明朝末年开始,在自身特点和多重社会因素的影响下,具有竞技性特点的捶丸逐渐消失在人们视野之中。但由其独特的运动特点和规则分析,中国古代捶丸与诞生在西方的高尔夫球,应当有着某种密切关系。

Starting with the information of archeological relics found in recent years, coupled with previous scholars＇ exploration of historical literature records, the author carried out an archeological analysis on the development and evolution of ancient Chinese Chuiwan, and put forward the following opinions： Chuiwan developed from batting-on-foot and stick-and-ball had been extensively developed as late as the Song dynasty. Until the mid Ming dynasty, Chuiwan was popularized and inherited to different extents among officials in palaces and civilians. Beginning from the late Ming dynasty, under the influence of its own characteristics and multiple social factors, Chuiwan with competitive characteristics gradually disappeared from people＇s sight. However, according to the analysis of its unique movement characteristics and rules, ancient Chinese Chuiwan had a certain close relation with golf born in the west.