渭北旱塬不同覆盖措施对小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响

Effects of different mulching treatments on yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat in Weibei Highland

为了揭示渭北旱塬覆盖对小麦产量和和水分利用效率的影响,通过田间试验研究了夏闲期和全年时期结合地膜全覆盖和地膜麦草双元覆盖下小麦产量、养分吸收和水分利用效率的差异。结果表明:全年覆盖和夏闲期覆盖均可提高小麦产量,其中全年地膜全覆盖处理小麦产量最高,达5 383 kg·hm^(-2),较传统耕作不覆盖增产15.4%;全年地膜全覆盖对小麦的农艺性状有显著改善作用,穗粒数和成穗数较传统耕作不覆盖增加16.3%和33.0%;全年地膜全覆盖小麦籽粒N、P、K养分吸收总量较不覆盖分别增加12.3%、21%、21.8%,茎叶N、P、K养分吸收总量较不覆盖分别增加55.1%、36.7%、29.3%;覆盖能显著提高小麦水分利用效率,以全年地膜覆盖处理水分利用效率为最高,较传统不覆盖提高了11.3%。总之,全年地膜全覆盖能够显著提高小麦产量和水分利用效率,改善小麦农艺性状,增加小麦籽粒和茎叶N、P、K养分吸收量。

In order to elucidate the effects of different mulching treatments on yield and water use efficiency（WUE）of winter wheat,we studied the yield,nutrient absorption and WUE on full plastic-film mulching and dual mulching of full plastic-film and wheatgrass during summer fallow and different periods throughout the year.The results showed that both full-year and summer fallow mulching treatments can improve wheat yield,the yield of full year with full plastic-film mulching had reach 5 383 kg·hm^-2,which was the highest in all treatments and increased yield by 15.4% compared with conventional tillage with no mulching;full year with full plastic-film mulching had remarkable improvement on wheat agronomic characteristics compared to no mulching treatment,kernel number per row and ear number per hectare was increased by 16.2% and 33.0%,respectively.Compared to no mulching mode,the total absorptions of N,P and K were increased by 12.3%,21% and 21.8%in grain and 55.1%,36.7% and 29.3% in stems and leaves in the treatment of full year with full plastic-film mulching,respectively.The mode of mulching had significantly improved WUE of wheat,the yield of full-year with full plastic-film mulching was the highest which was increased by 11.3%compared to no mulching.Generally,full-year with full plastic-film mulching was the best mode which could promote the wheat yield,WUE,absorptions of N,P and K,and improve agronomic characteristics of winter wheat.