《民法总则(草案)》若干法律规范去留问题大数据分析——以《民法通则》相应条文的司法适用大数据报告为基础

Big Data Analysis on Whether Several Rules in the General Provisions of Civil Law(Draft) Should be Kept or Not——Based on Big Data Analysis on Legal Application of Relevant Rules in the General Principles of Civil Law

利用法律大数据分析方法可以辅助分析民法总则法律规范的去留问题。"被适用总次数"通用指标能够反映制度供给需求,"被适用次数排名前十的案由"总则属性特殊指标能够反映法律规范总则属性强弱。赞成删除作为民事主体制度的"联营",但要注意与反垄断法领域的立法协调;保留"两户"制度不但符合社会需求,而且具有宣示和肯定改革开放成果的重大政治意义;建议部分暂留"个人合伙"制度,待民法典编纂完成时统筹整合。较短特殊时效制度的司法适用比例较低,总则性属性也较弱,赞成删除该规则。建议在"民法总则"中明确债权请求权行使方式,并以"连带责任"替代"连带之债",规定"最终责任分担一般条款"。

Big data analysis can help us study whether a rule in the General Provisions of Civil Law should be kept or not. A general index of ＂ the number of times being applied ＂ can often reflect the relationship between supply and demand of a rule, while the special index of ＂ the top 10 causes of action being applied＂ tells whether a rule has a strong characteristics of the general provision. If ＂Joint Operation＂ as a civil subject is to be deleted, efforts should be made to guarantee its coordination with legislation of Antimonopoly Law; the rules of ＂ Individual Businesses and Leaseholding Farm Households＂ not only serve the demand of the society, but also demonstrate and affirm the grand political achievements of the reform and opening-up drive; it is suggested that ＂Individual Partnership＂ be partly retained and integrated into the future civil code. Since rule of shorter special limitation of action is seldom applied, and it does not serve as part of general provisions, it is suggested that this rule be deleted. It is suggested that the exercise of right of obligatory claim be specified in ＂ General Provisions o Civil Law＂, and ＂ Joint and Several Liability＂ in the place of ＂Joint Obligation＂ be established as a ＂General Clause of Apportionment of Ultimate Liability＂.