商事行为在民法总则中的契入与展开

Insertion and Expansion of the Commercial Act in General Provisions of Civil Law

民商合一背景下,民法典编纂在即,商法典或商事通则之立法条件并未具备。于此情形,商事立法模式宜转变思路:对于民商共有而略有差异的部分,尽量使之嵌合于民法典;对于商法特有且商事共用的部分,设商事登记法以规范之;其余具体问题,则由商事单行法来调整。嵌合部分无疑是当前亟需解决之问题,商事行为则系须嵌合部分之核心内容。商事行为作为法律行为之一种,正是其在民法总则中得以顽存的契入点;而商事行为不同于一般法律行为之特征,恰是其在民法总则中得以展开的关键所在。因之,商事行为之意思表示解释、商事行为之效力判断、商事行为之代理问题等则宜以但书方式列于相应之一般规则后,以示商事行为之特性。

This article first deals with the motivations for Hymes to conduct academic critiques against Chomsky in respect to his linguistic theories. It is held in the article that, shortcomings in “ Chomsky’ s work” on one hand, and Hymes ’ proposition of usocially constituted linguistics＇on the other, make striking conflicts, developing the driving force to form the critical situation. It tells that points from Syn-tactic Structures and Aspects of the Theory of Syntax, both by Chomsky, are targets of criticism, concen-trating on the concept of linguistic competence along with the linguistic theories advocated by Chomsky. Also covered in the article are an expounding and evaluation as well of the sociolinguistic footing and eth- no - linguistic viewpoint by Hymes as his back and support to critiques. Finally, the notion of communi-cative competence with Hymes is explored, and some re - examinations of the notion from the post struc-turalist approaches are introduced.