社会文化史视野下晚清时期的文庙——以《申报》为基本史料

On Tradition and Transition of the Confucian Temple During the Late Qing Dynasty

在帝制时代,文庙以"庙学合一"的方式,既被官绅用来宣扬政治意识、社会伦理,又被作为学校教育的主要场所,体现着皇权"治统"、士人"道统"与诗书"学统"的融合。在这种精英性活动以外,文庙亦搭建了民间社会的种种场域。清末新政以来,随着各种社会改革事业的推进,文庙也遭遇着制度变革与近代思潮的冲击,由此而萌发出其转型的契机,成为民国之后文庙种种改革事业的先声。但在种种变迁的背后,文庙因其所象征的儒家人文价值,亦在深受传统文化熏陶的士民心中保有着一份持久不灭的尊严感。

The Confucian Temple,the unity of temple and school,used by the official to advocate orthodox ideology,became the main place of education in the imperial era and represented the blend of rule integration and Confucian orthodoxy. Despite of elite activity,the Confucian Temple also provided all kinds of field of civil society. Influenced by the impact of system reform and modern thought during the New Deal Period of the Late Qing Dynasty,the Confucian Temple sprouted the chance of transformation.Behind all the changes,the Confucian Temple always kept an image of a glory and dignity among people nurtured by the traditional Confucian culture.