光量子计算的实验研究进展

Experimental Progress in Optical Quantum Computing

自从进入大数据时代,人们对于数据处理速度的需求越来越大,但是经典计算的发展却逐渐达到瓶颈,越来越难以满足这种需求.由于并行性,量子计算在诸多问题的处理上可以达到指数加速效果,有巨大的信息处理潜力,正好能满足人类对于数据处理速度的需求,被公认为是下一代信息技术的核心技术.围绕量子计算,最近实验演示了2种具有指数加速效果的量子算法：求解线性方程组量子算法和机器学习量子算法;其次介绍了最新实现的多自由度量子隐形传态.量子隐形传态是可扩展的线性光学KLM方案的重要组成部分.多自由度量子隐形传态实验打破了国际学术界从1997年以来只能传输粒子单一自由度的局限,为发展可扩展的量子计算奠定了基础.

Since entering the era of big data, demand of data processing speed has been growing faster and faster,but the development of classical computing has gradually reached a bottleneck. Because of parallelism, quantum computing in dealing with many problems can achieve exponential acceleration, thus has a huge potential for information processing and is recognized as a promising candidate of next generation of information technology. Around quantum computing, we review two recent experimental demonstrations of quantum algorithms with exponentially faster speed： quantum algorithm for solving linear equations and quantum machine learning. Then we review the latest experiment of quantum teleportation of multiple degrees of freedom of a single photon, which breaks the limitation of quantum teleportation of only single degree of freedom since 1997. Since quantum teleportation is a basic building block of KLMJs scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics, the experiment is an important step for the development of scalable quantum computing.