元明清时期的张家口地区对首都北京的辅助职能

The Auxiliary Function to the Capital Beijing of the Zhangjiakou Area in Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties

回溯历史,元明清三代北京与张家口地区不仅地缘相接,而且有着十分密切的政治、军事与经济的联系。唇亡齿寒,张家口地区的自然、经济及军事状况如何对北京首都地位的保证具有重要意义。张家口地区在元代为大都到上都的重要交通枢纽。在明代不仅是兵家必争的军事重镇,也是蒙汉民族"茶马互市"最重要的场所。而在清代,除了依然是驻兵重地和商贸集散地,张家口至库伦城的张库大道延伸至俄国边境城市恰克图,成为中国北方连接俄国的一条重要国际商贸运输通道。

Back to history, Beijing has a very close relationship with Zhangjiakou area for a lang time. The two places are not only geopolitically connected, Zhangjiakou also plays an important supporting role to the Capital Beijing. The paper, focusing on the period of Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties,used historical methods to study the relationship between Beijing and Zhangjiakou in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties and the different functions performed by Zhangjiakou area during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and reached the conclusion that Beijing is closely related to Zhangjiakou area, and Zhangjiakou area＇s natural, economic and military situation is important to ensure the status of Capital Beijing.