博物学的南宋图景:以《古今合璧事类备要》为中心的考察

Transformation of Natural History in the Southern Song Dynasty in the Encyclopedia Gujin Hebi shilei Beiyao

南宋类书中的博物学知识,相比中古时期博物学专书以及北宋以前类书,尽管奇闻异物色彩仍在,却出现了更为突出的客观化、科学化的转向。这一转向可以从南宋类书《事类备要》抄录文献种类、文字内容选择,以及少量编纂者评论中得以体现。宋代儒学复兴所带来的政治、学术和博物自身发展变化,是这一转向的重要原因。南宋类书所展现的宋代博物学,与中古时期博物学主要受本土神仙方术和外来佛教影响,以及明清时代博物学主要受西学科学知识影响不同,主要是儒学宋学阶段所具有的人文及理性精神影响的结果。

Natural History of encyclopedias in the Southern Song dynasty was more objective and scientific than before. This shift was mainly manifested from document types transcribed in the encyclopedias,text selection of the transcription and a few compilers＇ comments. The development of politics,academia and the natural history itself in Southern Song dynasty given by the revival of Confucianism in the Song dynasty was an important reason. Compared to the Natural History both in medieval China under Buddhist influence and in the Ming and Qing Dynasties under Western scientific influence,Natural History in the Song dynasty mainly was the result of the human,rational spirit of Neo-Confucianism in the Song dynasty.