三级甲等医院护理人员职业性肌肉骨骼疾病损伤及其防护知识、态度、行为现状

Status quo of injury of nursing personnel with occupational musculoskeletal disorders and their protection knowledge,attitude and behavior in third grade A hospitals

[目的]了解三级甲等医院护理人员职业性肌肉骨骼疾病损伤现状以及防护知识、态度、行为情况,为护理人员职业性肌肉骨骼疾病的防治提供科学的理论依据。[方法]采用分层整群抽样的方法,从乌鲁木齐市三级甲等医院中随机抽取2所综合医院和2所专科医院的1 342名护理人员,应用护理人员职业性肌肉骨骼疾病症状自评量表和自行设计的护理人员职业性肌肉骨骼疾病防护相关知识、态度、行为和组织支持调查问卷对1 342名护理人员进行调查。[结果]自参加护理工作至今,护理人员职业性肌肉骨骼疾病的患病率为87.93%,不同身体部位患病率由高到低分别为腰部(74.74%)、颈部(70.64%)、肩部(61.55%)、背部(51.04%)、膝部(41.88%)、踝足部(37.41%)、手腕部(26.53%)、髋臀部(26.53%)和肘部(18.55%);护理人员防护知识总分为(38.41±13.33)分,防护态度总分为(31.84±6.27)分,防护行为总分为(43.45±9.68)分。护理人员职业性肌肉骨骼疾病防护知识主要来源于书本、杂志和报纸,占42.92%,20.42%的护理人员从未接触过职业性肌肉骨骼疾病防护相关知识。90.24%的医院或科室无职业性肌肉骨骼疾病防护的体检制度,11.69%有协助病人搬运或移动的机械装置,15.35%的医院或科室组织过职业性肌肉骨骼疾病防护技能的岗前或在岗培训。[结论]三级甲等医院护理人员职业性肌肉骨骼疾病患病率高,主要以腰部、颈部、肩部和背部患病为主,但护理人员缺乏职业性肌肉骨骼疾病的防护知识,防护行为不足,且医院及科室支持不足,建议医院相关部门及护理管理者加强对护理人员职业性肌肉骨骼疾病防护知识的培训,引导护理人员形成正确的防护行为,促进其职业健康。

Objective：To probe into status quo of injury of nursing personnel with occupational musculoskeletal disorders and their protection knowledge,attitude and behavior in third grade A hospitals,and so as to provide scientific theoretical basis for prevention and treatment of occupational musculoskeletal disorders in nursing personnel.Methods：A total of 1 342 nursing staff were randomly selected from two general hospitals and two specialist hospitals in Urumqi city by using stratified cluster sampling method.All 1 342 nursing staff were investigated by symptom checklist for occupational musculoskeletal disorders in nursing staff and self designed questionnaire on knowledge,attitude,behavior and organizational support of occupational musculoskeletal disorders among nursing staff.Results：Since taking part in nursing work,the prevalence rate of occupational musculoskeletal disorders in nurses was 87.93%,the prevalence rate in different parts of the body from high to low were the waist（74.74%）,neck（70.64%）and shoulder（61.55%）,back（51.04%）,knee（41.88%）,ankle（37.41%）,wrist（26.53%）,hip（26.53%）and elbow（18.55%）.The total score of nursing staff＇s protection knowledge was38.41±13.33,the total score of protection attitude was 31.84±6.27,and the total score of protection behavior was 43.45±9.68.Nursing staff＇s occupational musculoskeletal disorders prevention knowledge mainly came from books,magazines and newspapers,accounting for 42.92%.20.42% nursing staff had never been exposed to occupational musculoskeletal disorders prevention knowledge.90.24% of hospitals or departments didn＇t have occupational musculoskeletal disorders protection medical examination system.11.69% of hospitals or departments had mechanical devices that assisted the patients in handling or moving.15.35% of hospitals or departments had organized protection skills or pre-job training of occupational musculoskeletal disorders.Conclusions：The prevalence rate of nursing staff＇s occupation musculoskeletal disorders in third grade A hospital was high,mainly in the waist,neck,shoulder and back.But nursing staff lacked occupational musculoskeletal disorders protection knowledge,and protection behavior and support of hospitals and departments were inadequate.It suggested that related departments in hospital and nursing managers should strengthen the training of nursing staff＇s professional protection knowledge of occupational musculoskeletal disorders,guide them to form correct protective behaviors and promote their occupational health.