双胎妊娠的产前筛查与产前诊断

Prenatal Screening and Diagnosis of Twin Pregnancies

双胎妊娠的产前筛查与产前诊断是临床难点,但也是研究的热点。现代母胎血清学、超声技术及非侵入性产前筛查技术(NIPT)推动了产前筛查与产前诊断的发展。妊娠早期采取血清学筛查及超声筛查的方式对双胎妊娠的产前筛查及产前诊断有一定意义;妊娠中期的超声筛查对于胎儿结构畸形筛查有一定意义。目前,NIPT试验性地应用于双胎妊娠的报道逐渐增多;侵入性产前筛查(包括绒毛膜取样术及羊膜腔穿刺术)由于存在胎儿丢失和感染的风险,临床应用越来越少,但仍具有确诊的意义。随着产前筛查及产前诊断技术的应用与发展,双胎妊娠的产前筛查及产前诊断将更为完善。

Compared with single pregnancy, twin pregnancy meets more difficulties in terms of the prenatal screening and the prenatal diagnosis which is also a research hotspot at present. The modern technologies in the serum markers of fetal, ultrasonic application and non-invasive prenatal testing（NIPT） remarkably promoted the prenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis. The combined method of serum screening and ultrasound screening is significative for those twin pregnancies in the first trimester as a subsidiarity, while the ultrasound screening is helpful for the fetal deformity screening of those twin pregnancies in the second and last trimester. There have been more and more reports on the application of NIPT in the twin pregnancy. The application of invasive prenatal screening, including amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling, will be less and less due to the risks of fetal loss and potential infection, although it is still used as a conclusive method. With the application and development of modern technologies of prenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis, the prenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis of twin pregnancy will be more dependable in the near future.