HIV-1潜伏库的研究进展——T记忆干细胞

Progresses of mechanism of HIV-1 Latency Formation—T memory stem cells

人体的许多组织器官都由相应的特应性干细胞发育而来。研究发现,记忆性淋巴细胞群中也存在一小部分具有干细胞特性的细胞,命名为T记忆干细胞（TSCM）。这类细胞占外周总循环T淋巴细胞的2%~4%,可以分化为中枢记忆T细胞（TCM）、效应记忆T细胞（TEM）和终末分化效应T细胞,并且可以利用自我更新复制能力来维持一定的数量。近期研究发现,T记忆干细胞在人类艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染的发病机制中发挥着关键作用,在其内潜伏的HIV-1是病毒潜伏库的重要组成部分。文章将总结TSCM细胞在HIV感染中的一些新发现,探讨其与潜伏库的关系。

In analogy to many tissues in which mature,terminally differentiated cells are continuously replenished by the progeny of less differentiated,long-lasting stem cells,it has been suspected that memory T lymphocytes might contain small numbers of stem cell-like cells.These cells,termed＂T memory stem cells＂（TSCM）,represent approximately 2%-4 % of all circulating T lymphocytes,seem to be extremely durable,and can rapidly differentiate into more mature central memory,effector memory,and effector T cells,while maintaining their own pool size through homeostatic self-renewal.Several studies have demonstrated the important role of memory T cells in the HIV disease pathogenesis.Further more,subsequent studies demonstrate that TSCM harbor replication-competent virus that can be reactivated in viral outgrowth assays,suggesting that TSCM can represent a reservoir for latent HIV-1infection.This review summarizes recent studies investigating the role of TSCM in HIV infection.