有机无机肥配施对强筋小麦产量和植株生理特征及土壤性质的影响

Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilization on Grain Yield and Physiological Characteristics of Winter Wheat with Strong Gluten Wheat and Soil Properties in North Henan Plain

为探讨强筋小麦高效营养调控措施,以郑麦366为试材,通过田间试验研究有机无机肥料配施对冬小麦籽粒产量和植株生理特征以及土壤理化和生化性质的影响。田间试验共计4个处理：不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（CF）、鸡粪和化肥配施（CF＋CM）、豆秸和化肥配施（CF＋SS）。结果表明,施肥处理较不施肥籽粒产量显著增加20.90%~28.36%,有机无机肥配施处理较单施化肥相比籽粒产量无显著差异。在产量构成要素上,有机无机肥配施处理较单施化肥处理均无显著变化。有机无机肥配施处理较单施化肥处理灌浆期旗叶叶绿素含量显著增加8.19%~10.86%,但在净光合速率上无显著差异。同不施肥和单施化肥处理相比,有机无机肥配施处理下土壤有机质和全氮含量以及碳氮比均无显著变化,但土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均有显著增加。此外,有机无机肥配施处理较不施肥和单施化肥处理相比,土壤可培养微生物数量和细菌/真菌显著增加。整体来看,有机无机肥配施能够改善冬小麦植株生长发育,增加土壤养分供应,也能够显著改善土壤微生物区系特征,对于豫北地区优质强筋小麦生产具有重要现实意义。

In order to investigate the optimal nutrition management regime of winter wheat with strong gluten,a field experiment was conducted to understand the effects of couple application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on grain yield,growth and physiological characteristics of wheat plants,and soil physicochemical and biochemical properties.The strong gluten variety Zhengmai 366 was used in the present study.A total of four treatments were designed,including no-fertilizer（CK）,chemical fertilizer application alone（CF）,chemical fertilizer plus chicken manure（CF ＋ CM） and chemical fertilizer plus soybean straw（CF ＋ SS）.Fertilization significantly increased the grain yield by 20.90%-28.36% compared to CK,whereas no significant change was found in grain yield and 3 yield components between CF,CF ＋ CM and CF ＋ SS treatments.Couple application of organic and inorganic fertilizers significantly increased about 8.19%-10.86% in chlorophyll content of flag leaf in grain filling stage compared to CF,however,no significant differences in net photosynthesis rate were observed.CF ＋ CM and CF ＋ SS treatments significantly increased the contents of available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in soil compared to CK and CF treatments.The contents of organic matter,total nitrogen and C/N in soil in CF ＋ CM and CF ＋ SS treatments weresimilar to those in CF treatment.In addition,the population of culturable bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes as well as the ratio of bacteria to fungi in CF ＋ CM and CF ＋ SS treatments were significantly higher than those in CK and CF treatments.In conclusion,couple application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could significantly improve the growth and development of winter wheat plants,increase available nutrients supply,and also amend the structure of soil microbial community,which is beneficial for winter wheat production in North Henan Plain.