不同孕周新生儿出生体重分析

Analysis on neonatal birth weight in different gestational weeks

目的了解不同孕周新生儿出生体重的现况及其变化规律,为妇幼卫生保健工作提供科学依据。方法收集2005年1月至2014年12月湖北省妇幼保健院产科分娩的88 365例新生儿资料进行分析。结果孕41周出生的新生儿平均出生体重最重,达3 512.55±383.03g。孕41周之前,新生儿平均出生体重随孕周增加而增加,其增速在第31周、34周及37周时出现3个高峰,分别增重195.97±25.76g、219.48±15.67g、277.64±8.66g。从42周开始,出生体重逐渐减轻。不同孕周新生儿平均出生体重的差异具有统计学意义(F=4 297.65,P<0.0001)。在早产儿、足月儿及过期产儿三组中,小于胎龄儿(SGA)的发生率分别为11.17%、4.59%、8.75%;大于胎龄儿(LGA)的发生率分别为4.24%、21.21%、10.17%。SGA、适于胎龄儿(AGA)及LGA的构成比在三组中的分布不同,其差异具有统计学意义(χ2=2 185.65,P<0.0001)。结论新生儿平均出生体重随孕周延长而增加有一定的规律。在我国应加强产前教育,避免无必须医学指征的提前分娩,进一步研究胎儿生长规律,积极采取措施增加新生儿的出生体重,可以进一步提高我国出生人口质量。

Objective To investigate the current status and changes of neonatal birth weight in different gestational weeks and to provide scientific basis for maternal and child health care work. Methods Information of 88 365 neonates delivered in obstetrics department of Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Hubei Province during the period of January 2005 to December 2014 was collected and analyzed. Results Mean birth weight of newborns with gestational age of 41 weeks was highest,which was 3 512. 55 ± 383. 03 g. Before41 st gestational week,the mean birth weight of newborns increased with the increase of gestational age. There were three growth rate peaks at the 31 st week,34 th week and 37 th week. Weight gain at theses three weeks was 195. 97 ± 25. 76 g,219. 48 ± 15. 67 g and 277. 64 ±8. 66 g,respectively. Since 42 nd gestational week,mean birth weight gradually reduced. Difference in mean birth weight of newborns of various gestational week had statistic significance（ F = 4 297. 65,P〈 0. 0001）. In three groups of preterm infants,term infants and postterm infants,the incidence of small for gestational age（ SGA） was 11. 17%,4. 59% and 8. 75%,respectively,and the incidence of large for gestational age（ LGA） was 4. 24%,21. 21% and 10. 17%,respectively. Constituent ratio of SGA,appropriate for gestational age（ AGA） and LGA was different in three groups and difference had statistic significance（ χ2= 2 185. 65,P〈 0. 0001）. Conclusion There are regular patterns when the mean birth weight of newborns increases with increase of gestational age. Prenatal education in our country should be strengthened to prevent early delivery without medical indications. Further study on fetal growth patterns and more measures to increase the birth weight of newborns should be taken to improve the quality of newborn population in China.