秦岭北麓冲洪积扇区环境影响下传统村落布点特征初探

Preliminary discussion on the distribution of traditional villages in alluvial-diluvial fan in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains

秦岭北麓坡陡谷深、河谷密集,山前形成大片冲洪积扇相互叠加、连接成带。冲洪积扇具有特殊的地质构造,影响了秦岭北麓的水系展布、地形地貌,使其具有气候湿润、水流密集、天然渗水和植被繁茂等环境特征。秦岭北麓的传统村落在此延续千年,与其环境形成了良好的适应关系,因此这些村落的经验十分值得学习与借鉴。文中通过运用GIS软件进行河网提取、河道分级、流域分析、坡向坡度和密度分析,对秦岭北麓175个村庄的选址与布点进行分项研究与数据统计,得出秦岭北麓的村庄布点具有逐小水、趋域界;背山、临下、居顶和扇形布局模式的特征和最终决定村落布点的根本性因素、主导性因素和决定性因素。

In the northern foot of Qinling Mountains,there are steep slopes,deep valleys and dense river valleys,with the formation in front of the mountains of vast of alluvial-diluvial fans overlapped and connected into zones. Alluvial-proluvial fans possess unique geologic structure that influences the distribution of river systems and landforms in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains to make it possess the environmental features of humid climate,dense water,natural water seepage and lush vegetation. The traditional villages in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains have been lasting for thousands of years here and form a favorable adaptive relation with its environment,thus the experiences of these villages are worth to learn and utilize for reference. By using the GIS software river network extraction,watercourse grading,basin analysis,slope exposure and density analysis were proceeded,the data of site selection and distribution of the 175 villages in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains statistics were researched. Finally,it was concluded that the distribution of villages in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains possesses the features of pursuing small waters and tending to boundaries,back against mountain,face to the bottom,set on the top and fan-shaped distribution patterns.