西北地区冬季室内三种常绿植物的光合特性比较

Comparison in photosynthetic characteristics of three species of evergreen interior plants in north-west of China in winter

使用Li-6400XT便携式气体交换系统的红蓝光源和液化CO_2钢瓶注入系统,模拟冬季室内较密闭环境下存在较高CO_2浓度且为弱光环境,设置CO_2浓度为600μmol·mol^(-1),并以400μmol·mol^(-1)作为对照组(CK),对绿萝(Scindapsus aureus)、鹅掌柴(Scheffera octophlla(Lour).Harins)和燕子掌(Crassula agenten Thunb.)进行光响应(Pn-PAR)曲线的测定。结果显示:在CO_2浓度600μmol·mol^(-1)下,三种植物的光饱和点(LSP)均比(CK)更早出现,绿萝和鹅掌柴总体的净光合速率(Pn)比(CK)高,燕子掌比(CK)低;绿萝的最大光合速率(Pmax)、光饱和点(LSP)和表观量子效率(YAQ)均最高,分别为5.62±0.145μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)、373.51±24.15μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)和0.041±0.003μmol·μmol^(-1),但暗呼吸速率(Rd)较低(-0.51±0.14μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1));鹅掌柴和绿萝的水分利用率(WUE)和蒸腾速率(Tr),极显著高于燕子掌(P<0.01);绿萝的叶绿素SPAD值最高(70.03±4.18),极显著高于其余两种(P<0.01)。研究表明,绿萝对光照具有最强的利用能力,且能在高CO_2浓度且干旱的环境里健康生长,并能对室内环境起到较强的增湿效应,是西北地区冬季较为理想的室内植物。

In order to investigate adaptability of three species of evergreen interior plants in the indoor environment in north-west of China in winter and select the best plants to improve indoor environment,leaf photosynthetic characteristics of Scindapsus aureus,Scheffera octophlla（ Lour）. Harins and Crassula agenten Thunb were determined. In January 2015,we simulated the high concentration of CO2 in winter indoor and set up 600μmol·mol^-1and 400μmol·mol^-1as the control group（ CK） for measuring net photosynthetic rates-photosynthetic ative radiation response curves of the species of plants,by using red-blue light and Liquefied CO2 cylinder injection system of Li-6400XT（ LI-COR. America） in Urumqi. The results showed that all three plants of light saturation point（ LSP） appeared earlier than CK; Scindapsus aureus and Scheffera octophlla（ Lour）. Harins of total net photosynthetic rate（ Pn） both were higher than CK,and Crassula agenten Thunb. was lower than CK;Scindapsus aureus was the highest in maximum photosynthetic rate（ Pmax） of 5. 62 ± 0. 145μmol·m^-2·s^-1,LSP was 373. 51 ± 24. 15μmol · m^-2·s^-1and apparent quantum yield（ YAQ） was 0. 041 ± 0. 003μmol·μmol^-1,but lower in dark respiration rate（ Rd） of-0. 51 ± 0. 14μmol · m^-2·s^-1; Scheffera octophlla（ Lour）. Harins and Scindapsus aureus water use efficiency（ WUE） and transpiration rate（ Tr） significantly were higher than Crassula agenten Thunb.（ P〈0. 01）; Scindapsus aureus had the highest index chlorophyll SPAD value of 70. 03 ± 4. 18,significantly higher than in addition two kinds of plants（ P〈0. 01） in the CO2 concentration level under the 600μmol·mol^-1. The results proved that Scindapsus aureus use best of light and healthy growth in the dry environment and have strong humidifying effects to the indoor environment. In terms of leaf photosynthesis,Scindapsus aureus is a ideal winter indoor plant in northwest China.