阻燃聚氨酯/木粉复合发泡材料的性能研究

Study on properties of flame retardant foamed polyurethane/wood-flour composites

通过直接添加不同量的聚磷酸铵（APP）阻燃剂制备聚氨酯/木粉复合发泡材料。采用24h吸水试验、压力实验、锥形量热仪、场发射扫描电镜、能量色散光谱仪测试了复合材料的吸水性能、力学性能、阻燃抑烟性能、微观形貌结构及元素含量。研究表明：添加5%～30%的APP阻燃剂,阻燃组的24h吸水率可以达到19.30%～42.37%,均大于对照组,而压缩强度降至1.76～2.83 MPa,比对照组降低了8.7%～43.2%;阻燃型FWPC的热释放速率（HRR）及峰值（pHRR）随APP添加量的增大而减小,其中30%APP的加入量可延迟7s的点燃时间（TTI）,HRR降低8.90%,pHRR降低34.44%,一氧化碳得率（COY）降低16.62%;阻燃组FWPC的表面出现＂团聚物＂,表面元素成分中含APP中的N和P。

Foamed polyurethane/wood-flour composites（FWPC）were produced by adding different contents of ammonium polyphosphate（APP）.Water absorption property,mechanical property,flame retardancy,smoke suppression,morphology and element content of the composites were measured by 24 h water absorption, compression tests, cone calorimeter（CONE）,field emission scanning electron microscopy（FESEM）and energy dispersive spectrometer（EDS）.The results showed that：24hwater absorption of 5%~30% APP treated FWPC was 19.30%~42.37%,which was higher than control sample.Compressive strength of 5%~30%APP treated FWPC was 1.76~2.83 MPa,reducing 8.7% ~43.2% than control sample.CONE tests showed that flame retardant FWPC reduced the HRR and pHRR when more APP was added.FWPC with 30% APP could decay time to ignition（TTI）by 7s,reduce the HRR and pHRR by 8.90% and 34.44%,decrease carbon monoxide yield（COY）by 16.62%.＂agglomerate＂was found on the surface of flame retardant FWPC,N and P element of APP were also found in surface component.