海南红树林植物资源现状及其保护策略

Mangrove Plants Resources and Its Conservation Strategies on Hainan

红树林是热带和亚热带海岸带上特有的森林群落,为极其独特的生态系统。海南红树林植物种类十分丰富,有红树植物38种,其中真红树植物26种,半红树植物12种,属典型的东方群系。因环境破坏、生境丧失和人为干扰等因素的影响,多数物种的生存环境已遭到严重破坏、群落结构日趋简单;水椰Nypa fruticans、红榄李Lumnitzera littorea、海南海桑Sonnerati hainanensis等物种已处于濒危状态。笔者由此提出"两个核心+四个层面"的恢复手段,即建立种质资源保育基因库、采取红树林复合种植模式、完善红树林立法体系、加强红树林科研深度、提高遥感技术利用水平以及开展湿地生态旅游等多种保护策略,为红树林的生态恢复和园林应用提供参考。

Mangrove is a unique plant community in tropical and sub-tropical coast areas that has multi-ecological benefits. Now there is a total of 38 species of mangrove plants in Hainan,including 26 species of true-mangrove plants and 12 semi-mangrove plants. However,the environmental threats,habitat loss and human disturbance occurred in the mangroves in the last decades,leading to severe damages to the living environment of most of the mangrove species. Community structure in the mangroves tended to become more simple and unstable.Some species,such as Nypa fruticans,Lumnitzera littorea and Sonnerati hainanensis,have been becoming endangered in recent years. A series of suggestions and protection methods are brought forward for the future ecological restoration and landscape application,such as establishing the gene pool for germplasm resource conservation,multiple cropping of the mangrove,improving the legislation system,strengthening research in the mangroves,and promoting the development of remote sensing techniques and the eco-tourism of the wetland.