摘要
【目的】确定在韭蛆——韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga防治过程中科学合理地使用臭氧(O3)水的方法,并使其发挥最大用途。【方法】在露地韭菜田块分别浇灌10,15,20和30 mg/L的O3水,在平地覆膜韭菜和小拱棚韭菜中分别浇灌5,10和15 mg/L的O3水,同时在室内用10~15mg/L O3水处理不同虫态的韭菜迟眼蕈蚊(成虫、幼虫和蛹)和韭菜植株,2和10 mg/L O3水浸泡韭菜种籽。然后,测定了O3水对韭蛆防治效果,并评价了O3水对韭菜种籽发芽和生长等的影响。【结果】覆膜条件下,浇灌浓度为10~15 mg/L的O3水,对韭蛆的防治效果非常显著,甚至高达100%;而露地浇灌O3水对韭蛆无明显的防治效果;各种栽培模式下浇灌O3水并没有加重韭蛆对韭菜的直接危害。室内条件下,O3水导致成虫、幼虫和蛹的体形变畸或致死,甚至虫体表面明显被腐蚀;O3水可促进韭菜前期生长,增加株高,但不利于修剪后的须根重新萌发。O3水浸泡韭菜种籽后即时用水清洗,将不影响种籽正常发芽;若只浸泡不清洗,将严重抑制种籽发芽。【结论】采用O3水防治韭蛆的方法值得推荐,但在封闭条件下效果最佳。
【Aim】 To determine a scientific and reasonable method of ozone (O3) water to control the chive gnat, Bradysia odoriphaga, and to make maximum use of it. 【Methods】 A series of concentrations of O3 water (10, 15, 20 and 30 mg/L) were irrigated into the Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum) outdoor fields. Three concentrations of O3 water (5, 10 and 15 mg/L) were irrigated into the Chinese chive fields covered with plastic film on the ground and with arch plastic shed. Different developmental stages of B. odoriphaga (adult, larva and pupa) and plants of Chinese chives were treated with ozone water (10-15 mg/L), and Chinese chive seeds were soaked with O3 water (2 and 10 mg/L) in the laboratory. Then, the control efficacy of ozone water against B. odoriphaga was assayed, and the influences of ozone water on the growth and seed germination of Chinese chives were evaluated. 【Results】 O3 water irrigated at the concentration of 10-15 mg/L in Chinese chive fields covered with plastic film had a significant control efficacy against B. odoriphaga, even as high as 100%. However, O3 water irrigated in open fields had no obvious control efficacy on B. odoriphaga. O3 water irrigated in Chinese chive fields of various cultivation types did not aggravate the damage of Chinese chives by B. odoriphaga. In the laboratory conditions, ozone water led to malformation or death of adults, larvae and pupae, even the body surface was corroded obviously. O3 water promoted the early growth of Chinese chives, increased the plant height, but was not conducive to regerminate new roots or grow the clipped fibrous roots. When the seeds of Chinese chives were soaked with O3 water and then washed instantly with clean water, they normally germinated. However, when the seeds were soaked with O3 water but not washed with clean water, the seed germination was seriously inhibited. 【Conclusion】 Control of B. odoriphaga with ozone water is worthy to be recommended, and the highest efficiency can be achieved under closed conditions.
出处
《昆虫学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第12期1354-1362,共9页
Acta Entomologica Sinica
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303027)
科技北京百名领军人才(ljrc201412)
蔬菜有害生物控制与优质栽培北京市重点实验室项目
关键词
韭菜迟眼蕈蚊
韭菜
臭氧水
种籽发芽
覆膜
露地
田间试验
Bradysia odoriphaga
Allium tuberosum
ozone water
germination
plastic covering
outdoor fields
field experiment