美国体育人类学研究进展及对中国体育人类学研究的启示

The Evolution of the Study of American Sport Anthropology and Its Enlightenments to the Study of Chinese Sport Anthropology

梳理了美国体育人类学研究的历史演进,阐述了近20余年来美国体育人类学研究出现的新趋势、面临的困境及对中国体育人类学研究的启示。百余年来的美国体育人类学研究可以分为19世纪末至20世纪80年代末的单线现代化研究范式阶段和20世纪90年代至今的后现代研究范式阶段。在后现代研究范式阶段,美国体育人类学研究在理论范式、研究对象、研究议题、研究视角、研究方法等方面呈现出了一些新趋势;在学科建制、研究队伍、理论范式和民族志表述上也面临着一些困境。探讨了美国体育人类学研究对中国体育人类学研究在研究对象、研究方法、理论范式、学术组织和研究队伍建设、研究视角、应用研究等方面的启示。

This study mainly reviewed the historical evolution of the study of American sport anthropology,focusing on the new trends,and the plights in the study of American sport anthropology in the past over 20 years and its enlightenments to the study of Chinese sport anthropology.This study has shown that the study of American sport anthropology can be divided into the period of unilinear modernization study paradigm which is from the end of 19 century to the end of 1980 sand the period of post-modernization study paradigm which is from the early of 1990 still now.The study of American sport anthropology has been showing some new trends in the aspects of theoretical paradigm,research objects,research topics,research perspectives,research methods and so on;and it is also facing some plights in the aspects of the disciplinary system,the research team,the theoretical paradigm and the ethnographic versions and so on in the period of post-modernization study paradigm.Finally,this study discussed the enlightenments of American sport anthropology on Chinese sport anthropology in the aspects of research objects,research methods,establishing academic organization and research team;theoretical paradigm;research perspectives,application research and so on.