不同精炼方法对玉米油中呕吐毒素脱除效果的研究

Effect of different refining methods on removal of vomitoxin from corn oil

分别以高、低质量浓度呕吐毒素(DON)含量的玉米毛油为原料,以DON脱除率及残留量为考察指标,研究不同精炼方法对玉米油中DON的脱除效果,并与工厂实际生产效果进行对比。采用优化的脱除工艺条件,高质量浓度DON玉米毛油(1 745.43μg/kg)和低质量浓度DON玉米毛油(456.73μg/kg)在经过水化脱胶、碱炼脱酸、吸附脱色和高温蒸馏脱臭后均可以达到较为理想的DON脱除效果。精炼方法中以水化脱胶和碱炼脱酸的脱除效果较好。对高质量浓度DON含量的玉米毛油,水化脱胶、碱炼脱酸的DON脱除率可分别达到88.94%和90.07%,脱除后DON含量分别为193.06μg/kg和173.29μg/kg。低质量浓度DON含量玉米毛油水化脱胶和碱炼脱酸的脱除率可分别达到59.54%和58.23%,脱除后DON含量分别为184.79μg/kg和190.79μg/kg。与工厂实际玉米油精炼脱除效果相比,本实验的DON脱除率有明显提高。研究结果为玉米油精炼工艺条件优化和技术改进提供了参考和技术支持。

With crude corn oils with high and low mass concentrations of vomitoxin （DON） as raw material, and removal rate and residual amount of DON as indexs, the effect of different refining methods on the removal effects of DON was studied and compared with actual production in factory. Under the optimal removal conditions,the high and low mass concentrations of DON （1 745.43,456.73μg/kg） in crude corn oil reduced to the desired level of DON after degumming, deacidification, bleaching and deodorization. In refining process, the removal effects of DON of degumming and deacidification were better than that of bleaching and deodorization. For crude corn oil with high mass concentration of DON, the removal rates of DON after degumming and deacidification could reach 88.94% and 90.07% ,respectively. Meanwhile, the contents of DON were 193.06 μg/kg and 173.29 μg/kg,respectively. For crude corn oil with low mass concentration of DON, the removal rates of DON after degumming and deacidification could reach 59.54% and 58.23% , respectively. Meanwhile, the contents of DON were 184.79μg/kg and 190.79μg/kg,respectively. Compared with the refining process in the actual production in factory, the removal rate of DON in the experiment was significantly improved. The research results provided references and technical support for the optimization of process conditions and technical improvement of corn oil refining.