不同山核桃及其油脂品质对比分析

Comparison in qualities of different China pecans and China pecan oils

以东北、云南和川藏3个地区的11种山核桃仁为原料,通过冷榨机压榨得到冷榨山核桃油,分析山核桃仁的理化指标,山核桃油的理化指标、脂肪酸和维生素E组成及含量。结果表明:山核桃平均含仁率为19.14%,山核桃仁平均粗脂肪含量为60.99%、粗蛋白质含量为20.52%;冷榨山核桃油平均酸值(KOH)为0.25 mg/g、过氧化值为2.96 mmol/kg、碘值(I)为156.68 g/100 g、皂化值(KOH)为188.80 mg/g;冷榨山核桃油主要不饱和脂肪酸平均含量为93.562%,其中油酸24.497%、亚油酸59.952%、亚麻酸8.804%;冷榨山核桃油中δ-维生素E平均含量为430.427μg/kg,最高含量达到619.442μg/kg,未检测到α-维生素E。表明冷榨山核桃油的各项理化指标符合食用油脂的要求,且具有较高的营养价值。

With eleven kinds of China pecan kernels from areas of Northeast, Yunnan and Sichuan - Tibet as raw materials, the China pecan oil was obtained by cold -pressing. The physicochemical properties of China pecan kernel and China pecan oil, the compositions and contents of fatty acid and vitamin E in China pecan oil were analyzed. The results showed that the average kernel content of China pecan was 19. 14%. The average crude fat content and crude protein content of China pecan kernel were 60.99% and 20.52% respectively. The average acid value, peroxide value, indine value and saponification value of cold pressed China pecan oil were 0. 25 mgKOH/g, 2. 96 mmol/kg, 156. 68 gI/100 g and 188.80 mgKOH/g, respectively. The average content of unsaturated fatty acids in cold pressed China pecan oil was 93. 562% , and the contents of oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid were 24. 497% , 59. 952% and 8. 804% , respectively. The average content and the highest content of δ - vitamin E in cold pressed China pecan oil were 430. 427μg/kg and 619. 442 μg/kg, respectively, but avitamin E was not detected. It indicated that the physicochemical indexes of cold pressed China pecan oil met the requirements of edible oil and had high nutritional value.