虚拟同步机技术在电力系统中的应用与挑战

Application and Challenge of Virtual Synchronous Machine Technology in Power System

虚拟同步机技术是通过模拟同步机组的机电暂态特性,使采用变流器的电源或负荷具有同步机组的惯量、阻尼、频率和电压调整等运行外特性的技术。虚拟同步机技术伴随清洁能源装机数量显著增加,而成为当前并网技术研究的热点。论述了近年来国内外的研究成果,在虚拟同步机技术分类、功能、控制方法等方面介绍了虚拟同步机相关概念,从光伏虚拟同步发电机、风机虚拟同步发电机、储能虚拟同步机和负荷虚拟同步机四个方面,结合实际工程介绍了其主要的应用方式。因虚拟同步机技术的实现载体是电力电子装置,特别介绍了参数设计和稳定性相关研究进展。最后,总结当前存在的问题和发展前景。

Virtual synchronous machine technology, which simulates the electromechanical transient characteristics of synchronous generators, enables the power supply or load that adopt a converter with a number of its external characteristics, including inertia, damping, frequency and voltage regulation. With the rapid increase of the installed power capacity using clean energy, the technology has become one of the research focuses of grid-connected technology nowadays. In this paper, we summarized the recent researches about virtual synchronous machine technology both at home and abroad, introduced related concepts from its classification, function and control techniques, and presented its main application with the combination of practical engineering from four aspects, photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator, wind turbine virtual synchronous generator, energy storage virtual synchronous machine and load virtual synchronous machine. Especially, we discussed about the parameter design and stability because the power electronic equipment is the key to implementing the technology. Finally, we concluded its limitation and development prospects.