碳纤维复合材料空间反射镜制造技术研究进展

Research progress on fabrication technology of space mirror using carbon fiber composite

碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)具有比刚度高、热稳定性好,可设计性强等特点,成为轻量化反射镜制造的新型理想材料,特别适合大口径、高分辨率空间反射镜的制造。简单介绍空间光学反射镜的国内外研究应用的现状。根据反射镜的特点介绍了碳纤维复合材料的材料选择要求,以及国外常用碳纤维复合材料预浸料体系。碳纤维复合材料反射镜制造方法与传统光学材料反射镜的制造不同,一般采用高效、快速、制造成本低的复制工艺来实现。总结了碳纤维复合材料反射镜的复制工艺和反射镜复制精度的影响因素,影响因素包括复制模具、预浸料铺层、反射镜变形、纤维印痕现象、尺寸稳定性以及反射镜尺寸等,并对前五项影响因素提出相应的控制措施来减小影响程度。重点阐述了反射镜纤维印痕现象的成因和解决方法,以及控制尺寸稳定性的关键。

Excellent specific stiffness,good thermal stability and diversiform designability are obvious characteristics of carbon fiber composite（CFRP）,which make it a new ideal material for the lightweight reflectors,especially for large diameter and high resolution space reflectors.The present situation of the research of optical mirrors in our country and on abroad was briefly introduced.Then according to the characteristics of mirrors,selection requirements of carbon fiber composite for mirror and foreign prepreg system commonly used were introduced.Manufacturing method of carbon fiber composite optical mirror is different from that of the traditional optical materials.Usually,the high efficiency,fast and low cost replication process is used for carbon fiber composite mirror.The optical replication of carbon fiber composite mirrors,and factors affecting the accuracy of replicated mirror were emphatically introduced,and the factors including the mould,prepreg layup,deformation of mirror,fiber print-through,dimensional stability and size of mirror,etc.And the corresponding control measures to reduce the influence degree were put forward for the former five factors.Causes and solutions of mirror fiber print-through,and the key to control dimensional stability of mirror were focused.