深圳市居民铅镉膳食摄入水平评估

Assessment on dietary exposure of lead and cadmium of residents in Shenzhen City

目的了解深圳市居民膳食中铅、镉暴露的摄入量,评估深圳市居民膳食铅、镉暴露风险。方法对深圳市市售食品中铅、镉含量进行监测,结合居民膳食摄入量调查结果,应用FAO/WHO推荐的食品中化学污染物膳食暴露评估方法,比照铅、镉的暂定每周耐受摄入量((Provisional tolerated Monthly intake,PTWI),对居民膳食中铅、镉暴露水平进行评估。结果深圳市居民平均每周膳食中铅暴露量为0.003 4 mg/kg BW,占PTWI的13.60%;镉暴露量为0.013 3 mg/kg BW,占PTWI的190.00%。铅、镉贡献率较大的食品均是水产品及其制品、米及其制品。结论深圳市居民膳食中铅暴露水平低于PTWI,镉暴露水平高于PTWI。深圳市居民水产品及其制品、米及其制品的消费量大,对居民膳食铅、镉贡献率较高,仍有必要减少膳食中铅、镉的摄入,尤其是镉的膳食摄入量。

Objective To understand the basic data of lead and cadmium exposure from food, and estimate the health risk of dietary lead and cadmium exposure of residents in Shenzhen City. Methods The content of lead and cadmium in foodstuffs in Shenzhen were monitored. Combined with the results of the survey of dietary intake, the FAO/WHO recommended dietary exposure assessment method for chemical contaminants in foods was used to assess the levels of lead and cadmium exposure in the residents＇ diets, according to the provisional tolerable weekly intake（PTWI）. Results The average weekly exposure to lead was 0.003 4 mg/kg BW, accounting for 13.60% of PTWI; the average weekly exposure to cadmium was 0.013 3mg/kg BW, accounting for 190.00% of PTWI. The foods with the major contribution rates of lead and cadmium were aquatic product and its products, and rice and its products. Conclusions The level of lead exposure in residents of Shenzhen is lower than that of PTWI, but the level of cadmium exposure is higher than that of PTWI. As the aquatic products and rice products have large consumption and high contribution of lead and cadmium, it is necessary to reduce the dietary lead and cadmium intake, especially the cadmium diet intake.