知识、权力与流动空间:人类学视野下民族杂居地双语教育省思

Knowledge,power and space in motion:Reflections on the bilingual education in the multi-ethnic areas in the anthropological perspective

知识具有传统与现代两种属性,社会变迁的过程也是知识更迭的过程。一套知识体系也同时是一套权力体系。村落正日趋成为一个流动空间,知识与权力内外流动性上的不平等,导致了村落地方性知识的边缘化和能产性不足。"双语教学"可以看作现代知识系统面对地方社会同质化趋势时的自我反省。但这种反省只是大破坏中的小修复。农村教育改革不是为了非此即彼地融入城市或回归乡村,而是为了让乡村中的人们在社会发展与城市靠近,并且能够有尊严地生存下去。

Knowledge has two attributes： tradition and modernity, while the process of social changes is a process of knowledge renewal. A knowledge system is also a system of power. The village is becoming a space in motion. The imbalance of the internal and external mobility between knowledge and power has led to the marginalization and inadequate productivity of the village-related knowledge. ＂Bilingual teaching＂ can be regarded as a self-response of the modern knowledge system to the homo- geneity of the local societies. However, such self-response is only a minor amendment to this catastrophe. The reform of rural education is never a choice of one or the other, that is, never an absolute fusion into the city or a return to the countryside, but a gradual marching of the rural people towards the city for their survival with dignity and social progress.