美国科学基金利益冲突的规制与启示

The Regulation and Enlightenment on the Conflict of Interest of the American Science Foundation

我国科学基金利益冲突规制尚不完善,应学习别国先进经验以完善我国相应制度。美国在利益冲突规制上,形成了由国家立法到科学基金立法的多层级体系,表现出管理机构独立性、政策法规强制性、定义的可操作性等特征,值得我们借鉴。美国国家科学基金会作为美国最大的科研资助机构,其提供了规制利益冲突的具体制度、配备了负责利益冲突规制的机构、建立了完善的利益冲突监督机制,几个方面保证了利益冲突规制的有效性。我国应从规制模式、制度体系、基金员工培训等方面借鉴美国的先进经验,以完善我国的科学基金利益冲突。

The regulation on the conflict of interest in our country＇ s science foundation is not perfect yet, so we should learn advanced experience from other country to perfect our corresponding system. The USA has formed a multilayer system from the national legislation to the science fund legislation on theregulation of the conflict of interest, which shows the characteristic of the independence of management agencies, the mandatory of policies and regulations and the operability of definitions. , which is worthy of our reference. NSF as Americanlargest research funding agency, provide the specific institution of regulating the conflict of interest, allocated the organizations in charge of it, and established perfect supervision mechanism of conflict of interest, which ensured the effectiveness of the regulation of conflict of interest. Our country should learn from the advanced experience of the United States from the aspects of regulation mode, the institutional system, staff training and so on to perfect our science foundation＇ s conflict of interest.