中国农村扶贫政策的历史演变和扶贫实践研究反思

Reflections on the Historical Evolvement of Poverty Alleviation Policy in Rural China and the Practice of Poverty Alleviation

贫困问题是世界各国政府和相关国际组织关心的重要议题。改革开放以来,中国农村扶贫政策经历了体制改革下的救济式扶贫(1978-1985年)、开发式扶贫制度化和八七扶贫攻坚阶段(1986-2000)、"大扶贫"格局的形成和发展阶段(2001-2013)、脱贫攻坚和精准扶贫阶段(2014至今)四个阶段。随着改革开放后的经济高速发展和国家对农村地区的扶贫开发力度的不断加大,贫困人口基数快速减少,取得了辉煌的成绩。据我们的分析,在当前中国实施的农村精准扶贫实践中,仍然存在如何精确瞄准扶贫对象、整合扶贫资金、调动扶贫对象参与的积极性等问题。

Poverty is an important issue of concern to governments and relevant international organizations. Since the beginning of reform and opening-up, China＇s rural poverty alleviation policies have undergone four stages： the relief-oriented poverty alleviation under the institutional reform （1978-1985）, the institutionalized development-oriented poverty alleviation and problem solving stage （1986-2000）, the formation and development stage of the Great Poverty Alleviation （2001-2013）, and the stage of targeted poverty alleviation （2014-present）. With the rapid economic development after the reform and opening-up and the increasing efforts of the state in poverty alleviation and development in rural areas, the poverty-stricken population has been reduced rapidly, and brilliant achievements have been made. However, according to our analysis, there still exist such problems in the practice of poverty alleviation in the rural areas as how to precisely target poverty alleviation objects, how to integrate poverty alleviation funds, how to mobilize the participation of poverty alleviation objects, and SO on.