常熟地区春季连栋温室土壤温湿度日变化特征

Daily Variation Characteristics of Soil Temperature and Humidity in Greenhouse During Spring in Changshu Area

为了更好地指导常熟地区春季设施蔬菜早熟栽培,研究了连栋温室土壤温湿度日变化特征。4月,采用土壤温湿度记录仪对有膜与无膜覆盖的畦面、普通沟和发酵沟的土壤温湿度日变化特征进行记录。结果表明:地膜覆盖具有一定的保温效果,在0:00时效果最好,比无膜覆盖提高0.3℃。发酵沟能够产生一定的热量,平均比普通沟高0.6℃。覆盖地膜降低了畦面土壤湿度,平均比无膜覆盖低6.8个百分点。发酵沟的土壤湿度平均低于普通沟16.8个百分点。春季采用地膜覆盖和沟式发酵技术能够减轻因外界温度较低使设施早熟栽培作物受到的冷害,且能够降低土壤湿度。

The daily variation characteristics of soil temperature and humidity in greenhoues during spring in Changshu area were researched to guide early maturing facility vagetables cultivation better. In April,soil temperature and humidity recorder were used to record the daily variation characteristics of surface soil temperature and humidity with and without film mulching,in common and fermentation furrow. The results revealed that film mulching had heat preservation effect,especially in the middle night,which was 0.3 ℃ higher than no film mulching. Heat was released by fermentation furrow,and the temperature was higher than common furrow by 0.6 ℃ averagely. Surface soil humidity was reduced by film mulching,which was lower than no film mulching by 6.8 percentage points averagely. Soil humidity of fermentation furrow was lower than common furrow by 16.8percentage points averagely. In spring,film mulching and fermentation furrow technology can reduce cold damage on early maturing facility cultivation crops by low temperature outdoor,and lower soil humidity.