影响亚洲薄荷油主要成分变化及出油率的因素研究

Study on the Factors Influencing the Main Components and the Oil Yield of Mentha arvensis L.

为了研究影响亚洲薄荷出油率的因素及薄荷油中主要香气成分的变化规律,在云南昆明、景洪、陇川三个地点种植了不同品种的亚洲薄荷,研究了薄荷的品种、采收季节、放置时间、蒸油方法及种植环境等对薄荷油出油率的影响。研究发现从江苏引种的B1品种出油率相对较高,本地的A1、A2品种更适合在云南生长。夏季、秋季收割薄荷,薄荷出油率较高。新鲜薄荷放置24 h后出油率较新鲜时的高,放干后也不会影响薄荷油的出油率。海拔相对较低、气温偏高的地理环境有利于提高薄荷出油率。引种薄荷随着栽培时间的增加,精油主要成分与原种植地的相比会有一些变化,这应该是植物胁迫适应环境的过程,以前一直以为是品种退化的结果。

To study the factors influencing the yield of oil and the variation of main aroma components in Mentha arvensis L., the different species of this plant were planted in three locations including Kunming, Jinghong and Longchuan in Yunnan. The influences of the varieties of mint species, the harvest season, placing time, methods used to obtain oil and planting environment on its oil yield were studied. The results showed that the oil yield of species B1 introduced from Nanjing was very high, and species A1, A2 were more suitable to grow up in Yunnan. Higher oil yields were obtained from the mints harvested in summer and autumn, also from the fresh plant after placing 24 h or dried ones. Geography environments with lower altitude and higher air temperature were benefit to improve the yield of oil. With the increasing of cultivation time, the change of main components would exist in introduced plant comparing with original plant, which should be the results of plant adapting stress and environment, however, it was always considered as the result of plant degradation.