清代辽沈地区书院与学宫景观环境探究

The Landscape Exploration of Academies and Confucian Academies in Liaoxi-Shenyang Region in Qing Dynasty

对清代辽沈地区书院与学宫历史沿革进行了梳理与总结,分析了其总体布局特征。并以铁岭银冈书院、盛京萃升书院、辽阳襄平书院为例,分析了辽沈地区书院与学宫的景观环境特色。作为辽沈地区园林景观的一部分,书院与学宫的景观环境所表现出的地域与文化特色十分独特,既有北方寒地园林的景观特点,又不失中国古典园林的风韵。辽沈地区的书院与学宫鲜明的景观环境特点在地域上主要表现在庭园的建筑与装饰、园林植物以及建筑材料等要素方面,在文化方面深受中原地区传统的建筑与园林文化的深刻影响,显示出以汉文化为主体的、多民族文化交汇融合的特点。

Based on the analysis and summary of the historical development of academies and Con- fucian academies in Liaoxi -Shenyang region,their general layout features are analyzed. And the landscape and environmental features of academies and Confucian academies in Liaoxi - Shenyang region are investigated with Tieling Yingang Academy, Shenyang Cuisheng Academy and Liaoyang Xiangping Academy as research objects. As a part of garden landscape in Liaoxi - Shenyang region, academies and Confucian academies have unique regional and cultural features in terms of landscape and environment. They are characterized by landscape features of gardens in cold Northern area as well as the charm and elegance of classical Chinese gardens. The distinct regional land- scape and environmental features are evidenced by architecture and decoration of garden, ornamental plant and building materials. In terms of culture, they are influenced by traditional architecture and garden culture in central China, where Chinese culture is dominant with mixed multinational culture.