负重振动训练对下肢快速力量的影响及其神经适应的特征

Effect of Loaded Vibration Training on Speed Strength of Lower Limbs and Characteristics of Neural Adaptation

目的:研究8周负重振动训练对快速力量和下肢肌肉H反射的影响并探讨其可能的机制,以此丰富和完善负重振动训练的理论体系,并为普通人群和运动员振动力量训练方案的制定提供参考。方法:以16名男性田径专修大学生为研究对象,随机分为常规力量训练组(常规组)和振动力量训练组(振动组)。常规组完成30%1RM负重半蹲起训练,振动组附加振幅为2 mm、频率50 Hz的振动刺激,完成相同负重半蹲起训练。8周训练前后测定半蹲跳、原地纵跳和腓肠肌H反射。结果:常规组和振动组组内相对快速力量指数、原地纵跳绝对腾空高度和弹性能利用率均显著提高(P<0.05)。2组间相对快速力量指数、原地纵跳绝对腾空高度和弹性能利用率增加值均有显著性差异。组内H反射潜伏期和Hmax/Mmax减小且差异具有显著性;仅振动组H反射突触前抑制(PSI)升高且具有显著性。组间H反射潜伏期、Hmax/Mmax、PSI有显著性差异。结论:8周附加振动刺激的负重30%1RM力量训练对快速力量的提高优于相同负重的常规力量训练。8周负重振动力量训练的神经适应特征表现为H反射潜伏期、Hmax/Mmax下降和PSI的增强。

Purpose： The purposes of this study were to enrich the theory system of loaded vibration training and provide references for developing vibration training program for normal people and athletes,by exploring the effect of 8-week loaded vibration training on speed strength and H-reflex of lower limbs and detecting the mechanism.Methods： Sixteen male college students majored in track and field were recruited and divided into conventional strength training group（ C） and vibration strength training group（ V）. C group participated in half squat with30% 1RM load,V group participated in the same squat training and be added vibration with 2 mm amplitude and50 Hz frequency. Squat jump（ SJ）,counter movement jump（ CMJ） and H-reflex gastrocnemius muscle were measured before and after 8 weeks training. Results： The relative speed strength index,CMJ height and elastic energy utilization of C and V groups increased after training（ P 〈0. 05）,and they were significantly different between C and V goups. Latency of H-reflex and Hmax/ Mmaxdecreased and were different within groups; presynaptic inhibition（ PSI） of H-reflex in V group increased. Latency of H-reflex,Hmax/ Mmax,and PSI were different between groups. Conclusions： The improvement of 8-week vibration strength training（ half squat with 30% 1RM load combined with vibration） on speed strength is more than that of conventional strength training with the same.The characteristics of neural adaptation of 8-week vibration strength training are that latency of H-reflex and Hmax/Mmaxdecrease while PSI increases.