不同情绪状态下运动员情绪调节策略与注意控制对注意偏向的影响

Effects of Athletes' Emotion Regulation Strategy and Attentional Control on Attentional Bias in Different Emotion States

目的:探讨不同情绪状态下运动员情绪调节策略与注意控制对注意偏向的影响。方法:采用问卷调查法和实验法,以132名在校大学生运动员为研究对象。结果:1)快乐情绪状态下,运动员对快乐信息存在注意偏向,而悲伤情绪状态下则对悲伤信息存在注意偏向;2)快乐情绪状态下在对快乐信息的注意偏向上,认知重评组和表达抑制组之间没有显著差异,高、低注意控制组之间也没有显著差异;3)悲伤情绪状态下在对悲伤信息的注意偏向上,认知重评组在注意促进上显著低于表达抑制组,高注意控制组在注意解除困难上显著低于低注意控制组;4)高注意控制组对与其情绪状态相一致的情绪信息存在注意促进,低注意控制组存在注意解除困难。结论:运动员对与其情绪状态相一致的情绪信息存在注意偏向;情绪调节策略与注意控制均会影响运动员的注意偏向,在悲伤情绪状态下对悲伤信息的注意促进上,认知重评低于表达抑制,而在对悲伤信息的注意解除困难上,高注意控制低于低注意控制。

Purpose： This study aimed at exploring the effects of athletes＇ emotion regulation strategy and attentional control on attentional bias in different emotion states. Methods： The study used methods of questionnaire and experiments. One hundred and thirty-two college athlete students were participated in this study. Results： 1） Within positive emotion,athletes showed attentional bias on positive information,while athletes showed attentional bias on negative information within negative emotion. 2） Within positive emotion,the attentional bias of the groups of cognitive reappraisal and expression suppression showed on positive information did not have significant difference,and the attentional bias of different attentional control groups did not have significant difference either. 3） Within negative emotion,cognitive reappraisal group showed significantly lower facilitated detection of negative information than expression suppression group,high-attentional control group showed significantly lower difficulty disengaging from negative information than low-attentional control group. 4） In terms of the emotional information which was consistent with athletes＇ own emotional state,the high-attentional control group showed greater facilitated detection while the low-attentional control group showed greater difficulty disengaging. Conclusions： Within different emotions,athletes show attentional bias on the emotional information which is consistent with their own emotional state. Both emotion regulation strategy and attentional control have effects on athletes＇ attentional bias,in terms of the facilitated detection of negative information,cognitive reappraisal strategy is lower than expression suppression strategy,while in terms of the difficulty disengaging from negative information,high-attentional control is lower than low-attentional control.