新规则下大级别古典跤运动员在国际比赛中技战术特点的研究

Technical and Tactical Characteristics of Heavy-Level Greco Roman Style Wrestlers Under the New Rules in International Events

为了了解国外优秀古典式摔跤运动员在2013年新规则实施后的技战术特点,为中国摔跤队备战2016年里约奥运会的训练提供科学依据,通过查阅文献、专家访谈和使用自主研发的摔跤视频技战术统计分析软件对2013年摔跤比赛新规则实施后的我国古典式摔跤大级别(98 kg级和130 kg级)主要对手的比赛视频进行了研究。结论:1)新规则下98 kg和130 kg 2个级别主要得分技术均为滚桥摔技术和转移摔技术;在其他大分值技术中像过胸摔技术、过背摔技术和抱折摔技术2个级别之间也没有明显的差异。2)新规则下站立摔技术的得分远高于跪撑摔技术。虽然站立摔得分高于跪撑摔,但是在单项动作技术得分中,跪撑摔技术中的滚桥摔是得分最高的技术。建议:1)因为古典跤采用新规则后站立摔技术得分远高于跪撑摔技术得分,所以这2个级别的运动员在日常训练中要加强对站立摔技术的训练和使用,并选择大分值动作作为自己的绝招加以练习。2)虽然在新规则中取消了30 s的强制跪撑,但是增加消极判罚后,反而增加了滚桥技术的得分和使用次数,所以要加强对滚桥防守的训练。

This study analyzed the competitions video of Chinese heavy-level（ 98 kg class and 130 kg class） Greco Roman Wrestling Team＇s main opponents by methods of literature view,expert interview and independently-developed software,in order to understand the technical and tactical characteristics of foreign elite Greco Roman wrestlers after the implementation of new rules in 2013,and to provide references for scientific training of Chinese wrestling team preparing for the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. Conclusions： 1） Under the new rule,the main scoring techniques of both 98 kg and 130 kg classes are rolling bridge technique and transferring technique; there is no obvious difference in salto technology,across the back,and hold off technology between two classes. 2） Under the new rules,the score of standing position technique is much more than that of kneeling technique; in single action,the rolling bridge technique in kneeling wrestling is the highest scoring technique. Suggestions： 1） The score of standing position technique is much more than that of kneeling technique under the new rules,thus the two classes wrestlers should strengthen training and application of standing techniques,and select high scores movements as their own unique skills and practice them. 2） The 30 s forced kneeling is cancelled in the new rules,and the negative penalty is added,which increased the score and the application of rolling bridge technique,so the defense training of the rolling bridge should be strengthened.