试析中国海外利益维护的战略框架构建

Tentative Analysis of Constructing a Strategic Framework for Safeguarding China's Overseas Interests

全球化时代,海外利益维护既是各国面临的共同问题,也是关涉中国和平崛起的战略议题。作为一个被西方视作"异质文明"的新兴大国,中国的海外利益维护问题尤为紧要,但其战略重心与核心任务显然不是遵循西方式的外交、法律或军事等路径,而应从观念、路径、模式等层面构建有中国特色的海外利益维护的战略框架。在观念层面,中国应力避纯粹的物质利益观、狭隘的民族主义、褊狭的零和思维,树立正确的综合利益观、共同利益观、合作利益观;在路径层面,中国应力避偏重双边外交的传统机制,从推进经济外交、增进政治互信、促进文化交流、加强军事合作等层面着力,拓展海外利益维护的多元路径;在模式层面,中国应力避以单边主义、黩武主义为主导的零和模式,构建以共同利益为基础、以国际制度为依托的和合模式。

In the era of globalization, safeguarding overseas interests is not only a common concern for all countries, but also a strategic issue relating to the process of China's peaceful rise. The task of protecting overseas interests is particularly prominent for China, which is seen as a 'heterogeneous civilization' by Western countries. Instead of taking the Western approaches, such as through diplomacy, law, and military means, China must construct a strategic framework for safeguarding overseas interests with Chinese characteristics in terms of concept, approach, and mode. At the concept level, rising above the narrow concept about material interests, nationalism, and zero-sum mentality, China should gradually develop a whole set of new perspectives on common, comprehensive, and cooperative interests. At the approach level, instead of relying solely on bilateral diplomacy, China should broaden its options to involve economic diplomacy, political trusting building, intensified cultural exchanges, and strengthened military cooperation, and other viable means to better protect its overseas interests. At the mode level, instead of pursuing a zero-sum mode featuring unilateralism and militarism, China should construct a concordant mode which is based on common interests and international institutions.