农地城市流转农民福利变化与福利差异测度——基于二维赋权法与三类不平等指数的实证

The Measurement of Welfare Changes and Welfare Gap among Farmers in Rural-Urban Land Transfer: An Empirical Study based on Twodimensional Weighting Method and Three Types of Inequality Indexes

研究目的:定量分析农地城市流转前后农民群体内部福利变化程度与福利差距。研究方法:在实地问卷调查数据的基础上,采用信息熵和层次分析法综合测定农民福利功能性指标的权重,并在此之上构建失地农民福利指数,并测度其变化及群体内福利差距大小。研究结果:(1)以广东省为例的研究表明,农地城市流转后农民总体福利水平虽有所提高但幅度不大,福利指数水平较低,远低于0.5;珠三角、粤西的失地农民福利改善明显,而粤北变化不大,粤东有所下降。(2)基尼系数、泰尔指数、阿特金森指数反映的失地农民内部福利差距在流转后进一步拉大,省内4大区域间的福利差距在流转前占比较小但流转后显著变大。研究结论:运用二维赋权法和三类不平等指数量化分析失地农民内部福利变化与福利差距更为客观、全面。

The purpose of this study is to quantitatively analyze the internal welfare change and welfare gap of farmers in rural-urban land transfer. Methods of comentropy and AHP were mainly employed to calculate the weight of functional indexes of farmers’welfare based on investigation and questionnaire. Welfare indexes of land loss farmers have been constructed based on the calculation. The changes and gap of welfare of farmers in rural-urban land transfer are empirically analyzed. The results indicate that taking Guangdong province as an example, the farmer welfare level modestly increases, and general welfare index is not high. Rather, it is far below the median level 0.5. The welfare of land loss farmers in Pearl River Delta and the west of Guangdong province improve significantly. Little change occurs in the north, and the decline occurs in the east. The gap of farmer internal welfare reflected by indexes of Gini, Theil, and Atkinson becomes further widened after land transfer, and farmers’welfare gap among the four regions in the province takes a small proportion before land transfer while the gap significantly enlarges after land transfer. The conclusion is that the use of multi-dimensional weight welfare indicators as well as quantitative analysis of three types of indexes to explore the internal welfare change and welfare gap of farmers is more objective and reasonable.