农民返乡抢地:新型城镇化的困境与战略调整

Farmers Returning Home and Requiring Land:The Plight of New Urbanization and Its Strategic Adjustment

新型城镇化是当前进行社会建设非常重要的一环,新型城镇化率意味着一个国家的发展状况。对具有实用主义色彩的农民而言,城镇化并非是"赶上楼"那么简单,更是需要从实地调查去查看农民究竟是怎么样想的,通过对全国部分地区的乡村调查和既有的文献资料研究发现,如今新型城镇化所面临的一个重大问题是"农民返乡抢地",之所以如此,原因主要有四个方面:第一,国家经济发展;第二,生活方式;第三,生活观念;第四,生活需求。要解决这些问题,首先要消除他们的担忧,尤其是在城市生活如何进行保障;其次要通过宣传来改变他们的生活观念;再次,除了要采取城市发展的顶层设计以外,还要根据不同地区进行不同的城镇化措施,而不能千篇一律,例如西北地区和华中地区就非常不同。总而言之,从外部来看,新型城镇化所强调的"以人为本"意在建构对人的关怀,无论是在土地、户籍的制度上,还是在农民的身份上,都应该加大改革和优化力度。从内部来看,农民的生活理念直接影响他们进城。如何打破农民的路径依赖和既有的生活模式,建构出城市的"乡土空间",注重对新一代农民工城镇化的宣传,是突破新型城镇化困境的关键。这些措施或战略对提高我国的城镇化率和防止农民工"回流"将具有重大意义。

New urbanization is a very important part of the current social construction; the new urbanization rate means the development of a country. As for pragmatic farmers, urbanization is not as simple as ＂stepping up stairs＂. It is necessary to check what on earth the farmers are thinking about through field investigation. Through the survey of some rural regions of China and the existing literature research, this paper finds out that the new urbanization is facing a major problem, i.e. farmers ＂return home and require land＂. Its reason lies in four aspects： the development of the national economy, the way of life, the concept of life and the life demand. To solve these problems, firstly, their worries should be released, especially guranteeing their life in city. Secondly, their concept of life needs to be changed through publicity. Thirdly, in addition to the toplevel design of city development, the urbanization measures according to different regions cannot be stereotyped, for example, the situation in northwest and central China is very different. In a word, from the external point of view, the emphasis on ＂people-oriented＂ of new urbanization intends to construct the care for people. As for the land, household registration policy, and identity, the reform and optimization efforts should be enhanced. From the interior point of view, farmers＇ life concept directly affects their desire of going to the city. How to break the path dependence and the existing mode of life of farmers and focusing on publicity to the new generation migrant workers are the key to breakthrough the plight of the new urbanization. These measures or strategies will be of great significance to improve the rate of urbanization in China and prevent＂returning home＂ of migrant workers.