台州市儿童急性呼吸道感染的病毒病原学分析

Analysis of respiratory viruses in children with acute respiratory tract infection in Taizhou city of China

目的了解台州市儿童急性呼吸道感染常见病毒临床分布特征,为呼吸道病毒感染的预防和治疗提供参考。方法选取台州市第一人民医院门诊和住院诊断为急性呼吸道感染的患儿1 808例,采取患儿鼻咽部标本,采用直接免疫荧光法对标本进行甲型流感病毒(IFVA)、乙型流感病毒(IFVB)、副流感病毒1、2和3型(PIV1、PIV2和PIV3)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)以及腺病毒(ADV)抗原检测。结果1 808例患儿标本中检出至少1种病毒的阳性标本505例,阳性率为27.93%。其中呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)和甲型流感病毒(IFVA)阳性率较高,分别为9.96%(180/1 808)和8.52%(154/1 808),副流感病毒1和2型(PIV1和PIV2)阳性率较低,分别为0.88%(16/1 808)和0.55%(10/1 808),2种以上病毒混合感染率为0.94%(17/1 808)。不同性别患儿病毒检出率差异无统计学意义。随着年龄增长,病毒检出率呈下降趋势,1岁以内患儿病毒检出率较高。病毒检出高峰为冬春季,夏季检出率较低。结论本地区儿童急性呼吸道感染患者7种常见病毒均可检出,IFVA和RSV是呼吸道感染中最常见的病毒;1岁以内患儿病毒阳性检出率较高,冬春季节是呼吸道病毒的高发季节。

Objective To investigate the distribution of respiratory viruses in children with acute respiratory tract infection（ARTI）in Taizhou area of Zhejiang province,China. Methods A total of 1 808 children with ARTI who were admitted to the First Hospital of Taizhou city were enrolled to investigate the distribution of respiratory viruses.Direct immunofluorescence assay was performed to detect the antigens of 7circulating viruses on nasopharyngeal swabs from these patients. Results Of the 1 808 samples,505（27.93%）presented positive for viral antigen assay with respiratory syncytial virus（RSV）the highest positive rate（9.96%）,followed by influenza virus A（IFVA,8.52%）.Parainfluenza virus types 1and 2（PIV1and PIV2）showed the lowest positive rate（0.88% and 0.55%,respectively）.Mixed infections with 2viruses were detected in0.94% of patients.The positive rate was the highest in less than one year old infants and with the age increases,the positive rates decreased.The positive rate reached the peak in November and Spring while the lowest rate occurred in Summer. Conclusions In Taizhou area of Zhejiang province of China,IFVA and RSV were the most frequently detected viruses in respiratory tract infection of children.The highest positive rate was detected in less than one year old infants with ARTI.The epidemic peak is in Winter and Spring.