低盐饮食加适量运动对慢性心力衰竭患者自我管理和生存质量的影响

Effects of low salt diet and exercise on self-management and quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure

目的 探讨低盐饮食加适量运动对慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者自我管理和生存质量的影响.方法 选择2013年1月到2016年1月在我院心内科住院的CHF患者172例作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组各86例,所有患者都给予基础治疗,治疗观察时间为3个月.对照组在治疗期间进行适量运动,观察组在此基础上给予低盐饮食干预.结果 干预期间观察组与对照组的低钠血症发生率分别为4.7％和2.3％,两组对比未见统计学差异（P＞0.05）.干预期间观察组的再住院次数与再住院天数都明显少于对照组（P＜0.05）.干预后观察组与对照组的自我护理评分分别为（24.34±2.19）分和（29.14±2.09）分,都明显低于干预前的（33.90±2.22）分和（32.87±4.20）分（P＜0.05）,同时干预后观察组的自我护理评分也明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）.观察组的生理功能、社会功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛评分也都明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）.结论 低盐饮食加适量运动能改善慢性心力衰竭患者的自我管理水平,从而减少再住院次数与天数,提高患者的生存质量.

Objective： To explore the effects of low salt diet and exercise on self-management and quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure （CHF）. Methods： From January 2013 to January 2016, 172 hospitalized cases of CHF patients in the Department of Cardiology in our hospital were selected as the research object, and were accorded to the random number table method were equally divided into observation group and control group, each of 86 cases, all patients were given basic treatment, the therapeutic times in the two groups were 3 months; the control group in the treatment were given the exercise nursing, the observation group in the control group of nursing basis were given low salt diet intervention. Results： The hyponatremia during intervention in the observation group and the control group were 4.7% and 2.3% that compared were no significant difference between the two groups （P〈0.05）. The number of days of hospitalization during intervention in the observation group were significantly less than the control group （P〈0.05）. The self nursing scores in the observation group and the control group after intervention were 24.34±2.19 points and 29.14±2.09 points respectively that were significantly lower than the before intervention of 33.90±2.22 points and 32.87±4.20 points （P 〈 0.05）, at the same time the observation group were significantly lower than the control group （P 〈 0.05）. The physiological function, social function, and bodily pain scores in the after intervention were significantly higher than the control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Low salt diet and regular exercise in patients with chronic heart failure has good safety, it can improve the patient self management level, thereby reduce number of hospitalizations and days, so as to improve the quality of life of patients.