12种短命植物叶解剖结构及其对荒漠环境的适应性

Anatomical Structure of 12 Desert Ephemeral Species Leaves and Their Adaptability on Desert Environment

以分布于新疆北部古尔班通古特沙漠南缘的12种短命植物为研究材料,采用常规石蜡切片法,对其叶的解剖结构进行了观察分析,探讨12种短命植物的叶解剖结构对荒漠生态环境的适应性关系。结果显示:(1)12种短命植物中,有8种植物的叶肉栅栏组织发达,表现出等面叶特征;有7种植物侧脉维管束具有花环状结构,表现出C4植物特点。(2)12种植物叶片均具有气孔下室,其中,小花荆芥等7种植物叶片具有发达的气孔下室。(3)12种植物叶肉及叶脉中常有晶体存在,晶体数量及大小在不同植物中有差异。研究认为,12种短命植物从总体上呈现出旱生结构特征,从个体角度看这些特征是不同类群的植物以不同方式适应沙漠干旱环境的结果,但不足以改变该类植物的中生性质。

In this paper,the leaf anatomical structure of 12 ephemeral plant species in the southern margin of Gurbantunggut Desert located in northern Xinjiang was analyzed by conventional paraffin method.The results show：（1）Mesophyll tissue of Nepe micrantha Beg.etc.8kinds of plantswas developed,shows heteromorphic leaf characteristics;N.micrantha Beg.etc.7kinds of plants having a flower ring-like vascular bundle sheath,shows the characteristics of C4 plants.（2）All of the 12 ephemeral plant have stomatal lower chamber,and stomatal lower chamber of N.micrantha Beg.etc.7kinds of plants were developed;（3）Crystal were often exist in mesophyll and veins,there are differences in quantity and size in different plants.Although the xerophytes characteristics showed in leaf anatomical structure.From the perspective of the individual,these characteristics were not enough to change the mesophyte character of these plants.These characteristics are the different manner of different plants to adapt to the desert environ-ment.