常州市武进区10家木质家具制造企业职业卫生现状调查

Investigation on occupational health status of wooden furniture manufacturing enterprises in Wujin District of Changzhou City

目的了解常州市武进区木质家具企业职业卫生现状,为预防和控制该行业职业病提供依据。方法调查企业的职业卫生基本情况和职业病危害因素的种类和分布;工作场所危害因素检测及实验室分析;对接触有害因素的工人进行职业健康检查。结果木质家具制造企业建厂时未进行职业病危害"三同时"审查;仅有2家企业提供职业病危害现状评价报告书;职业卫生相关管理制度及操作规程不健全;防尘、防毒、防噪等卫生防护设施不到位,个人防护用品使用不规范;工作场所职业病危害因素检测点合格率为74.95%;职业健康检查率为85.51%,查出特异性异常者34人,异常率为11.3%,市级职业病诊断机构诊断慢性轻度苯中毒1例;未开展上岗前和离岗前职业健康检查。结论木质家具制造企业职业病有害因素危害严重,接触低浓度苯可引起神经系统和造血系统的损害,政府应加大监管力度,采取相应的综合治理措施。

[Objective]To understand the occupational health status of wood furniture enterprises in Wujin District of Changzhou City,provide evidence for prevention and control of occupational diseases in this industry.[Methods] The basic situation of occupational health,and types and distribution of occupational hazards in enterprises were investigated. The detection and laboratory analysis on occupational hazard factors were conducted. The occupational health examination was performed among exposed workers.[Results]The three-simultaneous examination had not been taken when the wooden furniture manufacturing enterprise was built.Only 2 enterprises had the occupational hazards assessment reports. The occupational health related management systems and operating rules were not perfect. The health protection facilities of dustproof,gas defence and anti noise were insufficient,and the use of protective equipment was not standardized. The qualified rate of occupational hazard factors in workplace was 74.95%. The rate of occupational health examination was 85.51%,and there were 34 cases of specific abnormality,with the abnormal rate of 11.3%. One cases of chronic mild benzene poisoning was diagnosed by the municipal occupational disease diagnosis institution. The pre-service and pre-departure occupational health examination was not carried out. [Conclusion]The occupational hazardous factors in wood furniture manufacturing enterprises are serious,and exposure to low concentrations of benzene may cause damage to the nervous system and hematopoietic system. The government should increase the supervision and take the comprehensive control measures.