广东三地工业噪声暴露工人的职业健康现况调查

Survey on occupational health status of industrial noise-exposed workers in three areas of Guangdong

目的掌握广东广州、佛山和珠海地区工业噪声暴露工人的职业健康现状。方法分析2013—2015年44 028人次的心电图、血压和纯音测听结果,分层比较工人的听力异常率和职业健康监护中的目标疾病检出率。结果心电图异常率为18.24%,高血压检出率为9.73%,听力异常率为34.55%,目标疾病检出率为3.40%。听力异常率地区性差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),目标疾病检出率地区性差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),整体上两者均呈逐年下降趋势(P<0.05);男性均显著高于女性(P<0.05);随年龄增加均呈递增趋势(P<0.05);各行业比较,金属制品业工人的听力损失最严重(P<0.05)。听力正常组和异常组比较,高血压的检出率之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),OR值(95%CI)为1.63(1.529,1.737)。结论广东三地工业噪声对职业人群的听觉系统和心血管系统产生健康危害;大样本调查结果为珠三角地区工业噪声的职业健康危害研究提供数据参考和理论支持。

[Objective]To master the occupational health status of industrial noise-exposed workers in Guangzhou,Foshan and Zhuhai of Guangdong.[Methods]The results of electrocardiogram（ECG）,blood pressure and pure tone audiometry from 44 028 cases during 2013-2015 were analyzed,to compare the abnormal rate of hearing and detection rate of target diseases on occupational health surveillance among workers.[Results]The abnormal rate of ECG and hearing was 18.24% and 34.55% respectively,while the detection rate of hypertension and target diseases was 9.73% and 3.40% respectively. The difference in abnormal rate of hearing was statistically significant among different areas（P〈0.05）,and there was no statistically significant difference in detection rate of target diseases（P〈0.05）. The two rates showed a downward trend year by year（P〈0.05）,while increased with increasing age（P〈0.05）,and the rates of males were significantly higher than those in females（P〈0.05）. Among various types of industry,the workers in metal products industry had the most serious hearing loss（P〈0.05）. The difference in the detection rate of hypertension was statistically significant between normal hearing and abnormal hearing groups（P 0.05）,and OR value（95% CI） was 1.63（1.529,1.737）.[Conclusion]The industrial noise has health hazard on auditory system and cardiovascular system of exposed workers. The results of large sample survey provide data reference and theoretical support for the study on occupational health harm of industrial noise in the Pearl River delta region.