2015年太仓市重点企业电焊作业人员职业健康风险分析

Analysis on occupational health risk of electric welders in key enterprises of Taicang in 2015

目的了解太仓市职业卫生重点监管企业电焊作业人员健康状况,为制定相关的防护政策提供依据。方法收集2015年该市接触电焊工尘作业人员健康检查数据,与当年非粉尘作业人员(对照组)进行比较。结果电焊工尘组高血压患病率(26.5%)、肝功能异常率(8.76%)、X线胸片异常率(7.60%)与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);用力肺活量(FVC)、1秒钟用力呼气量与用力肺活量比值(FEV_(1.0)/FVC)与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。电焊工尘组中肺功能指标随着工龄增加而降低,且<5 a工龄组和≥5 a工龄组相比,FVC、FEV_(1.0)/FVC差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论电焊工尘能引起作业人员肺通气功能的改变,应加强对电焊工尘从业人员的职业健康监护工作。

[Objective]To understand the health status of electric welders in occupational health key supervised enterprise in Taicang,provide basis for formulating the relevant protective policy.[Methods]The health examination data of workers exposure to welding dust（welding dust group） in Taicang in 2015 were collected and compared with the non-dust operation workers（control group）.[Results]The differences of hypertension prevalence rate（26.5%）,liver function abnormal rate（8.76%）and chest X-ray abnormal rate（7.60%）in welding dust group and control group were not statistically significant（P〉0.05）,but the differences of FVC and FEV1.0/FVC were statistically significant（P〈0.05）. In welding dust group,the lung function index declined with the increase of length of service,and the differences of FVC and FEV1.0/FVC in 〈5 a group and ≥5 a group were statistically significant（P〈0.05）.[Conclusion]The welding dust can cause the change of pulmonary ventilation function of workers. The occupational health surveillance work of electric welders should be strengthened.